2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-118590A
    ICRF-196
    		Inducer
    ICRF-196 is an racemic mixture of the (S,S)- and (R,R)-isomers of ICRF-193 (HY-118590). ICRF-193 is a DNA Topoisomerase II inhibitor. ICRF-193 can inhibit DNA syntheses and induces apoptosis. ICRF-193 exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects. ICRF-193 shows cardioprotective effect against anthracycline toxicity to cardiomyocytes. ICRF-193 can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia.
    ICRF-196
  • HY-175520
    SHP2-IN-42
    		Inducer
    SHP2-IN-42 is a src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 nM. SHP2-IN-42 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest. SHP2-IN-42 can be used for the research of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    SHP2-IN-42
  • HY-70044G
    GSK-1070916 (GMP)
    		Inducer
    GSK-1070916 (GMP) is GSK-1070916 (HY-70044) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. GSK-1070916 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of aurora B and aurora C with Kis of 0.38 and 1.5 nM, respectively, and is >250- fold selective over Aurora A.
    GSK-1070916 (GMP)
  • HY-146274
    c-Met-IN-10
    		Inducer
    c-Met-IN-10 (compound 26a) is a highly potent c-Met kinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 16 nM. c-Met-IN-10 has inhibitory activity against cancer cells A549, H460 and HT-29 with IC50s of 0.56 ~ 1.59 μM. c-Met-IN-10 suppresses the colony formation on HT-29 cells, induces HT-29 and A549 cells apoptosis, and inhibits A549 cells motility. c-Met-IN-10 can be used for researching anticancer.
    c-Met-IN-10
  • HY-10260S
    Vandetanib-d6
    		Inducer
    Vandetanib-d6 is the deuterium labeled Vandetanib. Vandetanib (D6474) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2/KDR tyrosine kinase activity (IC50=40 nM). Vandetanib also has activity versus the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGFR3/FLT4 (IC50=110 nM) and EGFR/HER1 (IC50=500 nM).
    Vandetanib-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W772717
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate
    		Inducer
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones.
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate
  • HY-B0905S
    Tilmicosin-d3
    		Inducer 98.9%
    Tilmicosin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tilmicosin. Tilmicosin (LY-177370) is an orally active calcium channel antagonist and macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity. Tilmicosin mainly acts on the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. Tilmicosin is effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases in livestock such as cattle, sheep and pigs. In addition, Tilmicosin has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Tilmicosin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-149363
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-43
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-43 (compound 15h) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-43 disrupts cellular microtubule networks by targeting the Colchicine (HY-16569) site, and promots cell cycle arrest of leukemia cells at G2/M phase and cell apoptosis, as well as inhibiting angiogenesis.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-43
  • HY-B0349S
    Meclizine-d8
    		Modulator
    Meclizine-d8 is a deuterium labeled Meclizine. Meclizine is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist and has the potential to treat nausea and motion sickness. Meclizine is an agonist ligand for mouse constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and an inverse agonist for Human CAR.
    Meclizine-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-175785
    X15695
    		Inducer 98.45%
    X15695 is selective and orally active estrogen receptor (ERα) degrader. X15695 is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand. X15695 enables AHR to form a complex with the ERα, promoting its proteasomal degradation. X15695 inhibits the breast cancer cells proliferation, promotes cell cycle block and induces apoptosis. X15695 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    X15695
  • HY-175037
    DNH28
    		Inducer
    DNH28 is a potent NF-κB and MAPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.93 μM against HepG2 cells. DNH28 promotes apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2, up-regulating the expression of BAX and Cleaved-caspase-3. DNH28 blocks the cell cycle and inhibits migration. DNH28 can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
    DNH28
  • HY-179382
    HSB401
    		Inducer
    HSB401 is an orally active FLT3 inhibitor (IC50: 28, 5, 72, 51 nM for FLT3-WT, FLT3-D835Y, FLT3-ITD-F691L, FLT3-ITD, respectively). HSB401 downregulates FLT3 signaling and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. HSB401 spares c-KIT inhibition, thereby reducing the risk of myelosuppression. HSB401 significantly suppresses tumor growth in the MV4-11 xenograft mouse model. HSB401 can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    HSB401
  • HY-N2510R
    Myristicin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Myristicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Myristicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc.
    Myristicin (Standard)
  • HY-161934
    PARP1-IN-27
    		Inducer
    PARP1-IN-27 (Compound 9B) is the inhibitor for PARP1 and PARP2, with IC50 of 2.53 nM and 6.45 nM in cell SUM149PT. PARP1-IN-27 inhibits the proliferation of BRCA-mutated cancer cells SUM149PT, HCC1937 and Capan-1, with IC50 of 0.62, 1.91 and 4.26 μM respectively. PARP1-IN-27 aggravates DNA double-strand breaks, increases ROS generation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in SUM149PT.
    PARP1-IN-27
  • HY-16561S1
    Resveratrol-13C6
    		Inducer
    Resveratrol-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Resveratrol. Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol; SRT501), a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol (SRT 501) has a wide spectrum of targets including mTOR, JAK, β-amyloid, Adenylyl cyclase, IKKβ, DNA polymerase. Resveratrol also is a specific SIRT1 activator. Resveratrol is a potent pregnane X receptor (PXR) inhibitor. Resveratrol is an Nrf2 activator, ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury in mice model. Resveratrol increases production of NO in endothelial cells.
    Resveratrol-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-145868
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-3
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-3 (compound 4c) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.84 µM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-3 can induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-3
  • HY-W162436
    MCC1019
    		Inducer
    MCC1019 is a selective PLK1 PBD inhibitor with an IC50 of 16.4 μmol/L. MCC1019 inactivates the AKT signaling pathway in cancer cells, and induces Apoptosis, Necroptosis and Autophagy. MCC1019 exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer and prostate cancer.
    MCC1019
  • HY-P10819
    S9-CMC1 TFA
    		Inducer
    S9-CMC1 TFA is a covalent peptide lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.53 μM. S9-CMC1 TFA specifically recognizes Cys360 in the enzyme-active region. S9-CMC1 TFA inhibits LSD1 activity, increasing H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 levels, leading to G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. S9-CMC1 TFA significantly inhibits tumor growth in A549 xenograft animal models.
    S9-CMC1 TFA
  • HY-N0667S4
    L-Asparagine-4-13C monohydrate
    L-Asparagine-4-13C monohydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Asparagine monohydrate (HY-W017443).L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-4-<sup>13</sup>C monohydrate
  • HY-17502S
    Simvastatin-d11
    Simvastatin-d11 is the deuterium labeled Simvastatin. Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM.
    Simvastatin-d<sub>11</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity