2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-108599R
    DCP-LA (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    DCP-LA (Standard) is the analytical standard of DCP-LA. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DCP-LA (FR236924), a linoleic acid derivative, selectively and directly activates PKCε. DCP-LA activates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and inhibits protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) to stimulate AMPA receptor exocytosis. DCP-LA inhibits activation of caspase-3/-9 and protects neurons at least in part from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis[1][2][3].
    DCP-LA (Standard)
  • HY-178453
    VEGFR-2-IN-74
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-74 (compound 55) is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.035 µM). VEGFR-2-IN-74 exhibits good anti proliferative activity and can induce apoptosis in various cancer cells, such as A549 (IC50 = 2.67 µM) and HCT116 (IC50 = 10.87 µM) cells. VEGFR-2-IN-74 has low toxicity to normal cells. VEGFR-2-IN-74 shows significant anti angiogenic effects in chicken embryo models. VEGFR-2-IN-74 can be used in the research of cancer.
    VEGFR-2-IN-74
  • HY-125718
    MLS-2384 free base
    		Inducer
    MLS-2384 free base is a dual JAK/Src kinase inhibitor. MLS-2384 free base downregulates STAT3 downstream proteins c-Myc and Mcl-1. MLS-2384 free base induces Apoptosis. MLS-2384 free base exhibits anticancer activity against prostate cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer.
    MLS-2384 free base
  • HY-P2374
    Ac-DMQD-CHO
    		Inhibitor
    Ac-DMQD-CHO is a selective inhibitor for caspase 3, with IC50 of 39 nM. Ac-DMQD-CHO reduces apoptosis, and exhibits neuroprotective efficacy.
    Ac-DMQD-CHO
  • HY-155766
    PARP1-IN-14
    		Inducer
    PARP1-IN-14 (compound 19k) is a potent PARP1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.6 ± 0.1 nM. PARP1-IN-14 exhibits antiproliferative effect against both MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1−/−) and Capan-1 (BRCA2−/−) cells with IC50 values below 0.3 nM.
    PARP1-IN-14
  • HY-P10057
    cpm-1285
    		Inducer
    cpm-1285 induces apoptosis by functionally blocking intracellular Bcl-2 and related death antagonists. cpm-1285 shows strong binding potency to Bcl-2 with an IC50 value of 130 nM. cpm-1285 reduces tumor burden in mice.
    cpm-1285
  • HY-N0890R
    Tubeimoside I (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Tubeimoside I (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tubeimoside I. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tubeimoside I is an orally active HSPD1 inhibitor. Tubeimoside I inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, as well as regulates eNOS-VEGF. Tubeimoside I induces cytoprotective Autophagy via an Akt-mediated pathway. Tubeimoside I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) production. Tubeimoside I exhibits anti-inflammatory activities. Tubeimoside I promotes angiogenesis and improves sepsis symptoms. Tubeimoside I is used in the research of inflammatory diseases, various cancers, sepsis and ischemic diseases.
    Tubeimoside I (Standard)
  • HY-P11374
    Bid BH3-Gly-r8
    Bid BH3-Gly-r8 is Bid BH3 linked to eight arginine residues. Bid BH3-Gly-r8 shows no difference in apoptotic effects compared to its unmodified peptide homologue. Bid BH3 has high affinity for Bax and Bcl-2. Bid BH3-Gly-r8 can be used in the research of tumors.
    Bid BH3-Gly-r8
  • HY-169287
    TriPEX-ClO4
    		Inhibitor
    TriPEX-ClO4 is a cationic fluorescent anticancer agent capable of BBB penetration. TriPEX-ClO4 can induces apoptosis and ferroptosis and can be used for study of cancer and brain diseases.
    TriPEX-ClO4
  • HY-145852
    Top/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inducer
    Top/HDAC-IN-2 (45b), a Top and HDAC dual inhibitor, exhibits potent antitumor activities and induces apoptosis.
    Top/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-149474
    HDAC-IN-63
    		Inducer
    HDAC-IN-63 (Compound 63) is a dual FLT3/HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 0.844 and 30.0 nM for FLT3 and HDAC1 respectively). HDAC-IN-63 inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation (IC50: 92 nM. HDAC-IN-63 induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle in MV4-11 cells. HDAC-IN-63 can be used for research of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    HDAC-IN-63
  • HY-172886
    PI3K-IN-58
    		Inducer
    PI3K-IN-58 (Compound 17f) is a PI3Kα inhibitor (IC50: 0.039 μM). PI3K-IN-58 exhibits significant antiproliferative effects on PC-3, 22RV1, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines with IC50s of 3.48 μM, 1.06 μM, 2.21 μM and 0.93 μM, respectively. PI3K-IN-58 induces apoptosis by downregulating the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 and upregulating the expression of anti-apoptosis protein BAX. PI3K-IN-58 can be used in PI3K-targeted cancer research.
    PI3K-IN-58
  • HY-176201
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-80
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-80 (Compound 32) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor with antiproliferative activity. Tubulin polymerization-IN-80 disrupts microtubule formation and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tubulin polymerization-IN-80 is promising for research of cancers.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-80
  • HY-138203
    Z-LE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK
    		Inhibitor
    Z-LE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK is a selective caspase-8 inhibitor. Z-LE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK can inhibit cell apoptosis.
    Z-LE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK
  • HY-156081
    Nrf2 activator-9
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2 activator-9 (compound D-36) is an Nrf2 activator that inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in HUVEC cells. Nrf2 activator-9 inhibits oxLDL and HG-induced vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury and can effectively prevent and treat atherosclerosis.
    Nrf2 activator-9
  • HY-175332
    Apoptosis inducer 43
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 43 is an apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 43 can induce apoptosis, SubG0-G1 cell cycle arrest, secondary necrosis, and upregulate caspase-3, p53, and Bax/Bcl-2 expression in HCT116 cells. Apoptosis inducer 43 can inhibit tumor growth in a solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) mouse model. Apoptosis inducer 43 can be used to study cancers such as colon cancer, leukemia, and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Apoptosis inducer 43
  • HY-168890
    TRF2-IN-1
    		Inducer
    TRF2-IN-1 (compound F2) is a potent telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) inhibitor. TRF2-IN-1 shows antiproliferative activity. TRF2-IN-1 induces apoptosis. TRF2-IN-1 directly bind to the TRF2TRFH domain and selectively inhibits TRF2 protein expression and telomeric localization. TRF2-IN-1 shows anticancer activity. TRF2-IN-1 has the potential for the research of osteosarcoma.
    TRF2-IN-1
  • HY-15222A
    Menin-MLL inhibitor MI-2 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Menin-MLL inhibitor MI-2 dihydrochloride is a competitive and selective Menin-MLL interaction inhibitor with an IC50 value of 446 nM and a Ki value of 158 nM. Menin-MLL inhibitor MI-2 dihydrochloride downregulates the expression of target genes such as HOXA9 and MEIS1, inhibits proliferation of leukemia cells and induces apoptosis and differentiation. Menin-MLL inhibitor MI-2 dihydrochloride is proming for rasearch of MLL-rearranged acute leukemias (e.g., AML, ALL).
    Menin-MLL inhibitor MI-2 dihydrochloride
  • HY-155413
    Antiproliferative agent-43
    		Antagonist
    Antiproliferative agent-43 (Compound e4 ) has notable cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines and causes apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle at G1 phase.
    Antiproliferative agent-43
  • HY-181491
    Tubulin-IN-64
    		Inducer
    Tubulin-IN-64 is a sulfonated styrylquinazoline derivative with high selectivity antitumor activity. Tubulin-IN-64 targets tubulin, inhibits the EGFR/Akt/mTOR and EGFR/Ras signaling pathways, induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Tubulin-IN-64 exhibits significant antitumor efficacy in the zebrafish GBM xenograft model. Tubulin-IN-64 can be used for the research on glioblastoma and leukemia.
    Tubulin-IN-64
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity