2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-175446
    GDC-0152-acetamide
    		Inducer
    GDC-0152-acetamide is a pan-inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist. GDC-0152-acetamide induces cIAP1/2 autoubiquitination and degradation, activating the non-canonical NF-κB pathway to promote TNF-α secretion and tumor cell apoptosis. GDC-0152-acetamide is promising for research of ERα-positive breast cancer.
    GDC-0152-acetamide
  • HY-14266A
    Dapivirine hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Dapivirine hydrochloride is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antitumor activity. Dapivirine hydrochloride attenuates the proliferation of glioblastoma cells and induces apoptosis. Dapivirine hydrochloride modulates autophagy and activates Akt, Bad, and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Dapivirine hydrochloride has shown inhibitory effects on glioma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Dapivirine hydrochloride is also a promising drug candidate for topical microbial agents for the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1.
    Dapivirine hydrochloride
  • HY-179149
    PLK4-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    PLK4-IN-6 (compound C05) is an PLK4 inhibitor (IC50 < 0.1 nM). PLK4-IN-6 has anti proliferative activity against various tumor cells, such as IMR-32 (IC50 = 0.948 μM), MCF-7 (IC50 = 0.979 μM), H460 (IC50 = 1.679 μM) cells. PLK4-IN-6 can significantly induce cell apoptosis and block the cell cycle. PLK4-IN-6 can be used for research on various types of cancer.
    PLK4-IN-6
  • HY-155729
    Sirt1/2-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Sirt1/2-IN-4 (compound PS3) is a triple inhibitor of SIRT1/2/3 with IC50s of 1.2 μM (SIRT1), 1.9 μM (SIRT2), and 18.6 μM (SIRT3), respsectivley. Sirt1/2-IN-4 completely blocks p53 deacetylation, with potential anti-cancer activity.
    Sirt1/2-IN-4
  • HY-161768
    VCC972839:01
    		Inducer
    VCC972839:01 is an inhibitor for cyclin dependent kinase (CDK9), with IC50 of 7 nM. VCC972839:01 inhibits the cell viability of SCLC cells in nanomolar levels. VCC972839:01 induces apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway. VCC972839:01 exhibits antitumor activity in mouse model.
    VCC972839:01
  • HY-N0202R
    Atractylenolide II (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Atractylenolide II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Atractylenolide II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Atractylenolide II (Asterolide) is a sesquiterpenoid compound. Atractylenolide II can induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells. Atractylenolide II is an orally effective anticancer agent that can exert anti-melanoma effects by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, Atractylenolide II has been shown to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotective activity.
    Atractylenolide II (Standard)
  • HY-163720
    KRAS G12C inhibitor 63
    		Inducer
    KRAS G12C inhibitor 63 (K45) is a KRAS G12C inhibitor. KRAS G12C inhibitor 63 can induce Apoptosis. KRAS G12C inhibitor 63 has antitumor activity.
    KRAS G12C inhibitor 63
  • HY-15186C
    Ipatasertib tosylate
    		Inducer
    Ipatasertib (GDC-0068) tosylate is an orally active, highly selective and ATP-competitive pan-Akt inhibitor with IC50 values of 5, 18, 8 nM for Akt1/2/3, respectively. Ipatasertib tosylate synchronously activates FoxO3a and NF-κB through inhibition of Akt leading to p53-independent activation of PUMA. Ipatasertib tosylate also induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft mouse models.
    Ipatasertib tosylate
  • HY-149344
    Anticancer agent 133
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 133 (compound Rh2) is an anti-cancer agent with cytotoxic and antimetastatic activities. Anticancer agent 133 induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Anticancer agent 133 also inhibits cell metastasis via suppression of EGFR expression mediated by FAK-regulated integrin β1.
    Anticancer agent 133
  • HY-16483
    Telapristone acetate
    		Inducer
    Telapristone acetate (CDB-4124) is a potent progesterone receptor (PR) modulator. Telapristone acetate inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Telapristone effectively inhibits the occurrence and development of spontaneous and chemically induced mammary tumors in rats. Telapristone acetate can be used for breast and ovarian cancer research.
    Telapristone acetate
  • HY-182269
    Cathepsin-IN-5
    		Inducer
    Cathepsin-IN-5 is a cathepsin inhibitor with IC50 values of 6.2 μM and 81 nM for cathepsin L and cathepsin S. Cathepsin-IN-5 inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces apoptosis, reduces growth of hepatocellular tumors in mouse models, and modulates expression of genes linked to cell death, cell proliferation, and cellular processes. Cathepsin-IN-5 can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Cathepsin-IN-5
  • HY-180419
    SF-3-030
    		Inducer
    SF-3-030 is a potent, selective and non-ATP competitive ERK1/2 inhibitor. SF-3-030 selectively induces apoptosis in melanoma cells containing mutated BRaf and constitutively active ERK1/2 signalling. SF-3-030 mitigates multiple features of asthma in a murine model of asthma. SF-3-030 can be used for the research of asthma and melanomasup.
    SF-3-030
  • HY-175521
    HIF-1α-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    HIF-1α-IN-8 is an orally active HIF-1α inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.02 μM. HIF-1α-IN-8 significantly suppresses the expression of inflammation factors of IL-6 and NO, reduces hypoxia-induced ROS production and apoptosis in C8-D1A cells. HIF-1α-IN-8 inhibits HIF-1α/IKKα/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduces the expression of blood-brain barrier permeability-related proteins. HIF-1α-IN-8 reduces brain water content and oxidative stress level in mice with high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) model. HIF-1α-IN-8 can be used for the study of high altitude cerebral edema (HACE).
    HIF-1α-IN-8
  • HY-161360
    LXQ-217
    		Inducer
    LXQ-217 is an oral active SHP2 inhibitor with the IC50 of 2.01 μM. LXQ-217 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in vivo and in vitro.
    LXQ-217
  • HY-172780
    EGFR-IN-161
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-161 (Compound DD-8) is a potent and reversible inhibitor of L858R/T790M/C797S mutant EGFR kinases, with an IC50 of 0.87 nM. EGFR-IN-161 can induce apoptosis process, G1-phase arrestation, and migration inhibition in tumor cells.
    EGFR-IN-161
  • HY-170557
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 (Compound 13r) is an inhibitor of Topoisomerase IIα. It binds to the active site of DNA when complexed with Topoisomerase IIα, and this binding is stabilized through interactions with DNA base pairs and amino acid residues. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 can induce Apoptosis by intercalating DNA and inhibiting Topoisomerase IIα, thereby disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting the growth of HCT116 cell lines, with an IC50 of 4.37 μM against HCT116 cells. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 can be used for research in the field of cancer treatment.
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10
  • HY-183327
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-22
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 is an orally active PI3K/mTOR kinase dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 400.5 nM and 8.2 nM. PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 downregulates phosphorylation of the AKT and mTOR, upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 and downregulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 exhibits antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, induces apoptosis and ROS production, and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential. PI3K/mTOR-IN-22 exhibits antitumor activity in breast cancer mice models.
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-22
  • HY-P10370
    d-(KLAKLAK)2, Proapoptotic Peptide
    d-(KLAKLAK)2, as an antibacterial and anti-tumor polypeptide, is a representative of the antimicrobial peptide group, and also has good anticancer properties. d-(KLAKLAK)2 is able to kill bacteria by damaging their cell membranes, causing cell contents to leak out. d-(KLAKLAK)2 can also inhibit tumor cell proliferation by causing mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial membrane destruction, triggering apoptosis (programmed cell death).
    d-(KLAKLAK)2, Proapoptotic Peptide
  • HY-P3501
    Fexapotide
    		Inducer
    Fexapotide (NX-1207) induces apoptosis selectively, reducing prostate volume at a cellular level. Fexapotide can be used in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) research.
    Fexapotide
  • HY-17007S
    Saquinavir-d9
    		Inducer
    Saquinavir-d9 (Ro 31-8959-d9) is the deuterium labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir-d<sub>9</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity