2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

Related Products

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N1965
    Gaultherin
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    Gaultherin is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Gaultherin selectively inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL) and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL) to exert anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Gaultherin exhibits modest direct antioxidant capacity, greater in cell-based models. Gaultherin does not affect COX-1 so that avoids the common gastrointestinal side effects of Aspirin (HY-14654).
    Gaultherin
  • HY-136592
    1-Hydroxy-ibuprofen
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen in P. australis. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    1-Hydroxy-ibuprofen
  • HY-N11011
    Withaphysalin A
    		Inhibitor 98%
    Withaphysalin A is a withanolide compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Withaphysalin A inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, as well as phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. Withaphysalin A upregulates the expression of HO-1. Withaphysalin A inhibits LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Withaphysalin A downregulates LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2. Withaphysalin A interacts with B-cell activating factor protein (BAFF) to exert inhibitory effects. Withaphysalin A exhibits ELOVL6 inhibitory activity. Withaphysalin A can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases, nephrotic syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia.
    Withaphysalin A
  • HY-14783
    Apricoxib
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    Apricoxib (CS 706) is a selective inhibitor for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Apricoxib inhibits the production of PGE2 in cells with IC50 of 1.5 nM. Apricoxib exhibits anticancer, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Apricoxib
  • HY-Y0189R
    Methyl Salicylate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methyl Salicylate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl Salicylate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor.
    Methyl Salicylate (Standard)
  • HY-B1773AS5
    Sodium propionate-d3
    		Inhibitor 98.38%
    Sodium propionate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.
    Sodium propionate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-156722
    ER-34122
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    ER-34122 is a dual 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor with oral activity. ER-34122 has anti-inflammatory activity.
    ER-34122
  • HY-U00129
    SC57666
    		Inhibitor 98.94%
    SC57666 is a selective COX2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26 nM.
    SC57666
  • HY-B1227R
    Carprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
    Carprofen (Standard)
  • HY-U00146
    FR-188582
    		Inhibitor 99.12%
    FR-188582 is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, with an IC50 value of 17 nM.
    FR-188582
  • HY-N9454
    Garcinoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Garcinoic acid is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Garcinoic acid also enhances efferocytosis and enzyme/receptor regulation, and selectively inhibits human COX-2, porcine α-amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase and human DNA polymerase β (IC50=11 μM), as well as activates human PXR. Garcinoic acid enhances macrophage efferocytosis via receptors such as MerTK and LRP-1, and promotes the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Garcinoic acid inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, interferes with Aβ aggregation, downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and binds to targets including CD44 and EGFR to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation. The pharmacological activities of Garcinoic acid, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism-regulating effects, are widely used in studies related to various diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and viral pneumonia.
    Garcinoic acid
  • HY-W268542
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine
  • HY-B0578S
    Loxoprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    Loxoprofen-d4 is deuterium labeled Loxoprofen. Loxoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Loxoprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N9551
    Eriodictyol chalcone
    		Inhibitor
    Eriodictyol chalcone is an antioxidant that inhibits multiple key enzymes including 5-LOX (IC50=0.043 μM), aromatase/CYP19A1 (IC50=2.8 μM), PTPase 1B (IC50=1.26 μM), and COX (IC50=34 μM). Eriodictyol chalcone exhibits excellent free radical scavenging activity. Eriodictyol chalcone not only inhibits the growth of plasmodia and enhances the efficacy of Artemisinin (HY-B0094), but also reduces depression-like behaviors in animal models. Eriodictyol chalcone serves as a biosynthetic precursor for Aureusidin (HY-N9834). Eriodictyol chalcone is a potential dietary supplement and herbicide, and it can be applied to research on malaria, depression, breast cancer and other related diseases.
    Eriodictyol chalcone
  • HY-B1130R
    Isoxicam (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoxicam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoxicam (HY-B1130). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoxicam is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound and a COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor. Isoxicam exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in rat models of inflammation and significantly lower ulcerogenic risk. Isoxicam can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases and rheumatic disorders.
    Isoxicam (Standard)
  • HY-B0253R
    Piroxicam (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Piroxicam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Piroxicam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for human monocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Piroxicam (Standard)
  • HY-127125
    Diclofenac ethyl ester
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    Diclofenac ethyl ester is the prodrug of Diclofenac (HY-15036), that is encapsulated in polymer micelles in vitro, and released with prolonged circulation time and reduced drug concentrations in the heart and kidneys in vivo.
    Diclofenac ethyl ester
  • HY-118078S
    Robenacoxib-d5
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Robenacoxib-d5 is deuterium-labeled Robenacoxib (HY-118078).
    Robenacoxib-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-B0360R
    Rebamipide (Standard)
    		Activator
    Rebamipide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rebamipide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rebamipide (OPC12759) is an orally active gastroprotective agent that enhances the production of endogenous PGs (especially intragastric PGE2) by inducing COX-2 expression, thereby protecting the gastric mucosa from injury. Rebamipide exerts anti-proliferative activity against gastric cancer cells. Rebamipide can be used in studies of mucosal protection, gastroduodenal ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer.
    Rebamipide (Standard)
  • HY-B1773AS4
    Sodium propionate-d5
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Sodium propionate-d5 is the deuterium labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.
    Sodium propionate-d<sub>5</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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