2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

Related Products

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-117368
    AL-8417
    		Inhibitor
    AL-8417 ((2R)-AL-5898) is a potent inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase (COX), with IC50 of 120 μM, that plays an important role in inflammatory response.
    AL-8417
  • HY-B0230R
    Phenylbutazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Phenylbutazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenylbutazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone (Standard)
  • HY-129113R
    α-?Chaconine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    α-Chaconine (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Chaconine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Chaconine inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. α-Chaconine inhibits the LPS-induced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein and mRNA levels and their promoter activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.
    α-?Chaconine (Standard)
  • HY-B1799S
    Tolmetin-d3
    Tolmetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tolmetin. Tolmetin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 μM and 0.82 μM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Tolmetin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-183918
    Amfenac ethyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Amfenac ethyl ester is an orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Amfenac ethyl ester exhibits antiinflammatory activity in rodent models. Amfenac ethyl ester can be used for the research of inflammation.
    Amfenac ethyl ester
  • HY-134234R
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Celecoxib carboxylic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Celecoxib carboxylic acid is a metabolite of celecoxib (HY-14398). Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib carboxylic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B0464R
    Hydralazine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydralazine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGEE2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain.
    Hydralazine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-118827S
    Vedaprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Vedaprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Vedaprofen. Vedaprofen (Quadrisol) is a COX-1 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) for serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 inhibition . Vedaprofen is a Escherichia coli (E. coli) sliding clamp (SC) inhibitor with the IC50 of 222 μM.
    Vedaprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W347202
    N-Caffeoyl serotonin
    		Inhibitor
    N-Caffeoyl serotonin is a COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50 and Kᵢ values of 42.5 μM and 65.5 μM against COX-2, respectively. N-Caffeoyl serotonin exhibits weak inhibitory activity against BACE1, with an IC50 > 400 μM. N-Caffeoyl serotonin has free radical scavenging activity. N-Caffeoyl serotonin can be used in the research of allergic diseases and Alzheimer's disease.
    N-Caffeoyl serotonin
  • HY-149460
    Harmaline analog
    		Inhibitor
    Harmaline analog (compound 3) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.145 μM.
    Harmaline analog
  • HY-N15378
    β-Carotene-15,15'-epoxide
    		Inhibitor
    β-carotene-15,15ʹ-epoxide is a XIAP antagonist with apoptosis-inducing and antitumor activity, found in the leaves of Spondias mombin. In a DMBA (HY-W011845)-induced rat model of breast cancer, β-carotene-15,15ʹ-epoxide binds to the BIR3 domain of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP, blocking its interaction with caspase-9 and thereby promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, β-carotene-15,15ʹ-epoxide significantly downregulates the expression of BCL-2, COX-2, and TNF-α in tumor tissues, reduces MDA levels, increases catalase activity, and modulates serum levels of LDH, ALP, and ALT, demonstrating strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic protective effects. β-carotene-15,15ʹ-epoxide may be used in research on inflammation-related conditions and cancers such as breast cancer.
    β-Carotene-15,15'-epoxide
  • HY-B1452R
    Licofelone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Licofelone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Licofelone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=0.21/0.18 μM, respectively) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Licofelone exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
    Licofelone (Standard)
  • HY-W040672R
    Ibufenac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ibufenac (Dytransin) is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ibufenac exerts anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ibufenac is being studied for the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    Ibufenac (Standard)
  • HY-160121
    Patrinoside aglucone
    		Inhibitor
    Patrinoside aglucone (Compound 8) is an iridoid glucoside that can be isolated from the Valeriana tuberosa. Patrinoside aglucone has potent anticancer activity with G2/M phase tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Patrinoside aglucone also significantly inhibits the proliferation of cancer stem cells (such as MDA-MB-231 and U-251MG cells). Patrinoside aglucone has great anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO release (IC50: 43.44 μM) and significantly reduces the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and COX-2.
    Patrinoside aglucone
  • HY-129974R
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (Standard)
    		Activator
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormone. 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine significantly enhances COX activity.
    3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (Standard)
  • HY-W015007R
    Metyrosine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Metyrosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metyrosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metyrosine is a selective tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor. Metyrosine exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative effects. Metyrosine significantly inhibits high COX-2 activity. Metyrosine is a very effective agent for blood pressure control.
    Metyrosine (Standard)
  • HY-106897
    BF389
    		Inhibitor
    BF389 (Biofor 389) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and analesis agent. BF389 is also an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, with IC50s of 4 and 8 ug/mL for COX-1 and COX-2 respectively. BF389 can be used for arthritis research.
    BF389
  • HY-B0288A
    Fenoprofen Calcium
    		Inhibitor
    Fenoprofen (LILLY-53858) Calcium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). Fenoprofen Calcium is a melanocortin receptors (MCRs) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). Fenoprofen Calcium also increases ERK1/2 activation in HEK293T cells. Fenoprofen Calcium has anti-arthritic activities and can be used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
    Fenoprofen Calcium
  • HY-N0396R
    Harpagoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Harpagoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Harpagoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Harpagoside can be obtained by Harpagophytum procumbens, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, protective activity, and efficacy. Harpagoside has an inhibitory effect on COX-1 and COX-2 active, and suppresses NO production. Harpagoside inhibits HepG2 cell lipid polysaccharide, which is a protein that is expressed horizontally and selectively, and has anti-inflammatory and latent pain effects. Harpagoside has the ability to protect the body, and has a degenerative effect on the β-oxidation (Aβ).
    Harpagoside (Standard)
  • HY-100580R
    Asaraldehyde (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Asaraldehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asaraldehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asarylaldehyde (Asaronaldehyde), a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) activity with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL.
    Asaraldehyde (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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