Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-W587427

D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid trisodium		98.13%
D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid trisodium is a glycolysis and gluconeogenesis intermediate with altered levels linked to MCT4-modulated glycolytic pathways. D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid trisodium shows reduced intracellular levels in hypoxic glioblastoma stem cells after MCT4 knockdown. D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid trisodium can be used for the research of glioblastoma.

HY-W391506

Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) serves as an effective material for the production of micro-fluidic chips.

HY-B0075S2

Melatonin-d₇		98.85%
Melatonin-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Melatonin (HY-B0075). Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

HY-15330

Vitamin D2-d₃		98.57%
Vitamin D2-d₃ (Ergocalciferol-d₃) is the deuterium labeled vitamin D2 (HY-76542), where the C-6 and C-19 protons are replaced by deuterium. Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol), drived from plant sources or dietary supplements, could be used as supplement of Vitamin D.

HY-76915

24, 25-Dihydroxy VD3		98.55%
24, 25-Dihydroxy VD3 is a compound closely related to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and is the active form of vitamin D3.

HY-101411S

4-Acetamidobutanoic acid-d₃
4-Acetamidobutanoic acid-d3 is the deuterated analog of 4-Acetamidobutanoic acid (HY-101411). 4-Acetamidobutanoic acid (N-acetyl GABA), the main metabolite of GABA, exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

HY-W768336

Gluconate-¹³C₆ sodium		99.95%
Gluconate sodium-¹³C₆ (D-Gluconic acid sodium salt-¹³C₆) is the ¹³C-labeled Gluconate sodium (HY-B1092A). Gluconate sodium (D-Gluconic acid sodium salt) is an orally active glucose derivative. Gluconate sodium reduces nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Gluconate sodium inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Gluconate sodium has antioxidant and antiplatelet activation activities. Gluconate sodium has antitumor activity against colorectal cancer. Gluconate sodium improves osteoarthritis, intestinal damage and acute lung injury.

HY-B1618S1

Corticosterone-d₄		99.17%
Corticosterone-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Corticosterone. Corticosterone is an adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid.

HY-12326

c-di-AMP		99.29%
c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses.

HY-N0473S4

L-Tyrosine-¹³C		98.6%
L-Tyrosine-¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

HY-B0151S2

Pregnenolone-d₄-1		99.34%
Pregnenolone-d₄-1 is the deuterium labeled Pregnenolone. Pregnenolone (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels.

HY-W587486R

N-Acetyltaurine (Standard)
N-Acetyltaurine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyltaurine (HY-W587486). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N‑acetyltaurine is an orally active endogenous sulfonate that is synthesized from taurine and acetate in the renal cortex. N‑acetyltaurine supports bacterial growth as a sole fixed nitrogen or carbon source. N‑acetyltaurine buffers acetyl moieties of mitochondrial acetyl‑CoA in skeletal muscle. N‑acetyltaurine reduces food intake and body weight in obese and lean wild‑type mice in a GFRAL‑dependent manner. N‑acetyltaurine can be used for the research of diet‑induced obesity, hyperacetatemia and diabetes.

HY-12956A

Dinoprost tromethamine salt		98.0%
Dinoprost tromethamine salt (Prostaglandin F2α tromethamine salt) is an orally active, potent prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist. Dinoprost tromethamine salt is a luteolytic hormone produced locally in the endometrial luminal epithelium and corpus luteum (CL). Dinoprost tromethamine salt plays a key role in the onset and progression of labour.

HY-B0141S

Estradiol-d₃		99.79%
Estradiol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Estradiol. Estradiol is a steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) pathway.

HY-W017442

DL-Asparagine		98.0%
DL-Asparagine is a racemic melange of the Aparagine L and D-enantiomers. DL-Asparagine has been used in growth-media for bacteria-growth.

HY-100978

(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride		98.0%
(±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid metabolite that breaks down fatty acids into energy that can be used by the body. (±)-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride also serves as a specific and easily detectable biomarker for rat skeletal muscle toxicity. Cerivastatin (HY-129458) and TMPD (HY-W012145) induce an increase in Hexanoylcarnitine in rats in a metabolomic analysis of the rectus femoris muscle. In type 2 diabetes, Hexanoylcarnitine is also significantly associated with and improves prediction of all-cause mortality. Hexanoylcarnitine is a biomarker for the identification of novel pathogenic pathways.

HY-40136S

cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline-d₃		≥99.0%
cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline-d₃ is the deuterium labeled cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline (HY-40136). cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline is an orally active proline analog and collagen production inhibitor. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline inhibits cell growth by preventing the deposition of triple helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline inhibits N-nitrosomethylurea-induced breast tumor growth. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline improves lung compliance and reduces prostate weight. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline can be used in the study of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

HY-B1674S

(±)-Leucine-d₁₀		98.0%
(±)-Leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled (±)-Leucine. (±)-Leucine (DL-Leucine), an isomer of Leucine, chemosterilant and dietary additive. (±)-Leucine inhibits growth of Escherichia coli HfrH by 92.08%.

HY-113053

Prostaglandin A1		99.40%
Prostaglandin A1 is a dehydration derivate of Prostaglandin E1. Prostaglandin A1 exhibits inhibitory activities against tumor growth, inflammation, virus replication, platelet aggregation and excitotoxin-induced neurons apoptosis.

HY-W010382S

Oxaloacetic acid-¹³C₄		99.23%
Oxaloacetic acid-¹³C₄ is the ¹³C-labeled Oxaloacetic acid. Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492):