2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-118090A
    D-γ-Glutamyl-D-glutamic acid
    		98.85%
    D-γ-Glutamyl-D-glutamic acid is a poly(γ-glutamic acid) of clusters of D- and D-glutamic acid repeating units in a linear chain.
    D-γ-Glutamyl-D-glutamic acid
  • HY-P3190
    Arginase, Microorganism (immobilized)
    Arginase, Microorganism immobilized (L-Arginine amidinase) is an enzyme of the urea cycle. Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea.
    Arginase, Microorganism (immobilized)
  • HY-B0528AS
    Octopamine-d4 hydrochloride
    		98.28%
    Octopamine-d4 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Octopamine hydrochloride. Octopamine ((±)-p-Octopamine) hydrochloride, a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates. Octopamine hydrochloride can stimulate alpha2-adrenoceptors (ARs) in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human alpha2-ARs. Octopamine hydrochloride increased glycogenolysis, glycolysis, oxygen uptake, gluconeogenesis and the portal perfusion pressure.
    Octopamine-d<sub>4</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-125919
    Vulpinic acid
    		98.31%
    Vulpinic acid, a lichen metabolite, decreases H2O2-induced ROS production, oxidative stress and oxidative stress-related damages in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Vulpinic acid is active against staphylococci, enterococci, and anaerobic bacteria.Vulpinic acid has the potential for atherosclerosis research.
    Vulpinic acid
  • HY-113144AS
    L-Hexanoylcarnitine-d3 chloride
    		99.25%
    L-Hexanoylcarnitine-d3 chloride is the deuterium labeled L-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride. L-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride is an acylcarnitine and also a urinary biomarker for hyperlipidemia. The expression of L-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride is upregulated in colorectal cancer cells, which is associated with metabolic pathways related to cell growth and proliferation. L-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride can be used in studies related to hyperlipidemia and stage B colorectal cancer.
    L-Hexanoylcarnitine-d<sub>3</sub> chloride
  • HY-107819S
    5α-Cholestan-3β-ol-d5
    		99.18%
    5α-Cholestan-3β-ol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol. 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a derivitized steroid compound.
    5α-Cholestan-3β-ol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N1394S1
    p-Anisic acid-d4
    		99.9%
    p-Anisic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled p-Anisic acid. p-Anisic acid (4-Methoxybenzoic acid) is one of the isomers of anisic acid, with anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties.
    p-Anisic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-130321S1
    Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d9 chloride
    		98.0%
    Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride (HY-130321). Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride is an orally active metabolite. Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride significantly reverses the decrease in its target gene IL-10. Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride alleviates Crohn' s-like colitis.
    Lauroyl-L-carnitine-d<sub>9</sub> chloride
  • HY-N1427A
    Glycodeoxycholic acid monohydrate
    		98.0%
    Glycodeoxycholic acid monohydrate is a nuclear receptor ligand.
    Glycodeoxycholic acid monohydrate
  • HY-109690
    1-(2-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
    		99.68%
    1-(2-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone is the kynuridine metabolite, which could be extracted from rat liver mitochondrium. 1-(2-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone is associated with tryptophan metabolism disturbances, and can be used in bladder cancer, leukemia and anemia researches.
    1-(2-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
  • HY-E70229
    Cyclooxygenase 1, sheep
    Cyclooxygenase 1, sheep (COX-1) is a 71 kDa membrane bound protein predominantly present in endoplasmic reticulum. Cyclooxygenase 1 has three domains, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) like domain, enzymatic and membrane binding domain. Cyclooxygenase 1 mediates prostaglandin synthesis and is modulated by anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs.
    Cyclooxygenase 1, sheep
  • HY-121654
    L-Iditol
    		98.0%
    L-Iditol is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    L-Iditol
  • HY-N0473S7
    L-Tyrosine-1-13C
    		98.0%
    L-Tyrosine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.
    L-Tyrosine-1-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W011051S1
    2-Arachidonoylglycerol-d5
    		99.9%
    2-Arachidonoylglycerol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol is a second endogenous cannabinoid ligand in the central nervous system.
    2-Arachidonoylglycerol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-W017018S3
    L-Ornithine-d2 hydrochloride
    		99.94%
    L-Ornithine-d2 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
    L-Ornithine-d<sub>2</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-A0143A
    Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid sodium
    		99.9%
    Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; all-cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) sodium is a 20-carbon ω-6 fatty acid, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (sodium) attenuates atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model system.
    Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid sodium
  • HY-N0666S
    L-Aspartic acid-13C
    		98.0%
    L-Aspartic acid-13C is a 13C labeled L-Aspartic acid. L-Aspartic aicd is an amino acid that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. L-Aspartic aicd is commonly used for preparing prodrugs to target colon and cecal tissues. L-Aspartic aicd commonly used in the study of inflammatory conditions.
    L-Aspartic acid-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-142006
    (-)-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine
    		99.06%
    (-)-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine ((-)-JA-L-Ile) is an inactive endogenous hormone. (-)-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine is an enantiomer of (+)-JA-L-Ile.
    (-)-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine
  • HY-Y0337S6
    L-Cysteine-d2
    		99.6%
    L-Cysteine-d2 is the deuterium labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.
    L-Cysteine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-121362
    Evernic Acid
    		99.71%
    Evernic Acid is an orally active thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor and antiproliferative agent. Evernic Acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. Evernic Acid blocks the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, thereby suppressing downstream inflammatory mediators. Evernic Acid acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and neuroprotective agent, protects neurons from cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage, reduces astrocyte activation, and ameliorates dopaminergic neuron loss and neuroinflammation. Evernic Acid inhibits enoyl reductases FabI and FabZ of Plasmodium falciparum. Evernic Acid downregulates the expression of lasB and rhlA genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and exerts antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Evernic Acid is applicable to research related to breast cancer, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections and fungal infections.
    Evernic Acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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