2. Anti-infection Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Bacterial TrxR Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Evernic Acid

Evernic Acid is an orally active thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor and antiproliferative agent. Evernic Acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. Evernic Acid blocks the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, thereby suppressing downstream inflammatory mediators. Evernic Acid acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and neuroprotective agent, protects neurons from cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage, reduces astrocyte activation, and ameliorates dopaminergic neuron loss and neuroinflammation. Evernic Acid inhibits enoyl reductases FabI and FabZ of Plasmodium falciparum. Evernic Acid downregulates the expression of lasB and rhlA genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and exerts antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Evernic Acid is applicable to research related to breast cancer, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections and fungal infections.

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Evernic Acid

Evernic Acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 537-09-7

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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Evernic Acid:

Evernic Acid Related Antibodies

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

  • Biological Activity

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  • Customer Review

Description

Evernic Acid is an orally active thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor and antiproliferative agent. Evernic Acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. Evernic Acid blocks the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, thereby suppressing downstream inflammatory mediators. Evernic Acid acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and neuroprotective agent, protects neurons from cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage, reduces astrocyte activation, and ameliorates dopaminergic neuron loss and neuroinflammation. Evernic Acid inhibits enoyl reductases FabI and FabZ of Plasmodium falciparum. Evernic Acid downregulates the expression of lasB and rhlA genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and exerts antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Evernic Acid is applicable to research related to breast cancer, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections and fungal infections[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Fungal Metabolite

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
Huh-7 IC50
77.3 μM
Compound: 1
Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in human Huh7.5 cells assessed as reduction in PB18S gene expression after 48 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis
Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in human Huh7.5 cells assessed as reduction in PB18S gene expression after 48 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis
[PMID: 23806111]
Huh-7 IC50
> 100 μM
Compound: 1
Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5 cells after 24 hrs by Cell-titerGlo luminescence assay
Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5 cells after 24 hrs by Cell-titerGlo luminescence assay
[PMID: 23806111]
KB IC50
190.4 μM
Compound: 1
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
[PMID: 23806111]
In Vitro

Evernic acid (10-150 μg/mL; 24-52 h) exerts dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines, with an IC50 of 33.79 μg/mL at 52 h for MCF-7 cells and 121.40 μg/mL at 48 h for MDA-MB-453 cells[1].
Evernic acid (33.79-121.40 μg/mL; 48-52 h) upregulates TrxR1 gene expression in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and downregulates TrxR1 gene expression in MDA-MB-453 cells when treated at respective IC50 concentrations for 52 h (MCF-7) and 48 h (MDA-MB-453)[1].
Evernic acid (33.79-121.40 μg/mL; 12-24 h) inhibits migration of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines when treated at respective IC50 concentrations, with significant inhibition observed at 24 h for MCF-7 cells and at 12 and 24 h for MDA-MB-453 cells[1].
Evernic acid (33.79-121.40 μg/mL; 48-52 h) suppresses intracellular TrxR1 enzyme activity by 25% in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and 30% in MDA-MB-453 cells when treated at respective IC50 concentrations for 52 h (MCF-7) and 48 h (MDA-MB-453)[1].
Evernic acid (1-100 μM; 6 h pre-incubation followed by 24 h co-treatment with MPP+) suppresses MPP+-induced apoptotic morphological changes in primary rat cortical neurons, and 100 μM evernic acid normalizes MPP+-altered Bcl-2/Bax protein expression balance[2].
Evernic acid (100 μM; 6 h pre-incubation followed by 6 h co-treatment with MPP+) protects primary rat cortical neurons from MPP+-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss[2].
Evernic acid (0.1-100 μM; 6 h pre-incubation prior to MPP+ co-treatment) dose-dependently suppresses MPP+-induced ROS generation in primary rat cortical neurons[2].
Evernic acid (100 μM; 6 h pre-incubation followed by 1 h or 24 h co-treatment with MPP+) inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway in primary rat astrocytes exposed to MPP+, by blocking p65 nuclear translocation, reducing IκBα phosphorylation, and lowering COX-2 expression[2].
Evernic acid (100 μM; 6 h pre-incubation prior to MPP+ co-treatment) suppresses MPP+-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokine (CCL2) mRNA expression in primary rat astrocytes[2].
Evernic acid (as the primary component of fraction VI) inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC 0.98 μg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC 31.25 μg/mL), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 125 μg/mL), and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (MIC 62.5 μg/mL) in vitro[3].
Evernic acid inhibits the expression of quorum-sensing-dependent virulence genes lasB and rhlA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Evernic Acid Related Antibodies

Cell Proliferation Assay[1]

Cell Line: Human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines
Concentration: 10-150 μg/mL (24 h); 10-100 μg/mL (52 h, MCF-7); 10-150 μg/mL (48 h, MDA-MB-453)
Incubation Time: 24 h; 52 h (MCF-7); 48 h (MDA-MB-453)
Result: Suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Resulted in an IC50 value of 33.79 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells treated for 52 h.
Resulted in an IC50 value of 121.40 μg/mL in MDA-MB-453 cells treated for 48 h.

Apoptosis Analysis[1]

Cell Line: Human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines
Concentration: 33.79 μg/mL (MCF-7, IC50); 121.40 μg/mL (MDA-MB-453, IC50)
Incubation Time: 52 h (MCF-7); 48 h (MDA-MB-453)
Result: Did not change the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells in MCF-7 cells compared with the control group.
Caused a very low increase in the percentage of late apoptotic cells but did not affect early apoptotic and necrotic cell percentages in MDA-MB-453 cells.

Real Time qPCR[1]

Cell Line: Human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines
Concentration: 33.79 μg/mL (MCF-7, IC50); 121.40 μg/mL (MDA-MB-453, IC50)
Incubation Time: 52 h (MCF-7); 48 h (MDA-MB-453)
Result: Downregulated BAX, BCL2, and BAX/BCL2 ratio gene expression by 4.3-, 2.5-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, but did not change P53 gene expression in MCF-7 cells.
Downregulated BAX, BCL2, P53, and BAX/BCL2 ratio gene expression by 2.1-, 1.2-, 1.9-, and 1.7-fold, respectively, in MDA-MB-453 cells.\nUpregulated TrxR1 mRNA expression by 2-fold compared to the control group in MCF-7 cells.
Downregulated TrxR1 mRNA expression by 1.5-fold compared to the control group in MDA-MB-453 cells.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: Human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines
Concentration: 33.79 μg/mL (MCF-7, IC50); 121.40 μg/mL (MDA-MB-453, IC50)
Incubation Time: 52 h (MCF-7); 48 h (MDA-MB-453)
Result: Did not change the protein expression of BAX or P53 in MCF-7 cells.
Suppressed P53 protein expression by 5.8-fold but did not change BAX protein expression in MDA-MB-453 cells.\nDid not alter TrxR1 protein expression in either MCF-7 or MDA-MB-453 cells compared to control groups.

Cell Migration Assay[1]

Cell Line: Human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines
Concentration: 33.79 μg/mL (MCF-7, IC50); 121.40 μg/mL (MDA-MB-453, IC50)
Incubation Time: 12 h, 24 h
Result: Reduced wound closure to 30.0% at 24 h in MCF-7 cells, compared to 38.8% in the control group.
Reduced wound closure to 0.7% at 12 h and resulted in a -4.0% wound closure (negative value indicates wound enlargement) at 24 h in MDA-MB-453 cells, compared to 4.3% and 12.6% in the control group, respectively.
In Vivo

Evernic acid (5-80 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 10 days) significantly accelerates motor function recovery, attenuates dopaminergic neuronal loss, and suppresses astroglial activation in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease model mice[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6 (male, 6 weeks old, 20-23 g, MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease)[2]
Dosage: 5 mg/kg; 80 mg/kg
Administration: p.o.; daily; 10 days
Result: Significantly accelerated recovery of motor function after MPTP-induced impairment, as measured by rotarod testing (80 mg/kg).
Significantly attenuated MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in both the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN), as quantified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) densitometry in the STR and TH-positive neuron counts in the SN (80 mg/kg).
Significantly suppressed MPTP-induced astroglial activation in the STR and SN, as measured by GFAP fluorescence intensity; no effect on MPTP-induced microglial activation was observed (80 mg/kg).
Showed partial, less pronounced protective effects on dopaminergic neuronal loss and astroglial activation compared to the 80 mg/kg dose (5 mg/kg).
Molecular Weight

332.30

Formula

C17H16O7
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CC1=CC(OC(C2=C(C=C(C=C2O)OC)C)=O)=CC(O)=C1C(O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 10 mg/mL (30.09 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.0093 mL 15.0466 mL 30.0933 mL
5 mM 0.6019 mL 3.0093 mL 6.0187 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.71%

SDS (251 KB)

COA (308 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.0093 mL 15.0466 mL 30.0933 mL 75.2332 mL
5 mM 0.6019 mL 3.0093 mL 6.0187 mL 15.0466 mL
10 mM 0.3009 mL 1.5047 mL 3.0093 mL 7.5233 mL
15 mM 0.2006 mL 1.0031 mL 2.0062 mL 5.0155 mL
20 mM 0.1505 mL 0.7523 mL 1.5047 mL 3.7617 mL
25 mM 0.1204 mL 0.6019 mL 1.2037 mL 3.0093 mL
30 mM 0.1003 mL 0.5016 mL 1.0031 mL 2.5078 mL
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Evernic Acid Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Evernic Acid537-09-7BacterialTrxREndogenous MetaboliteThioredoxin Reductaseprimary rat cortical neuronsbiofilm formationdopaminergic neuronal lossPlasmodium falciparumbreast cancer cellsPseudomonas aeruginosaNF-κB pathwayEscherichia colithioredoxin reductase 1Staphylococcus aureusInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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