2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-113327R
    1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid (Standard)
    Hederagenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hederagenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hederagenin is a triterpenoid saponin with orally active and antitumor activity. Hederagenin can inhibit the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB in cells induced by LPS stimulation. Hederagenin also increases ROS production in cancer cells, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis. Hederagenin also sensitizes cancer cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394) and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), enhancing induced apoptosis. Hederagenin also has preventive potential against alcoholic liver injury.
    1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid (Standard)
  • HY-E70050
    beta-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (CgtB)
    beta-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (CgtB) (GM1-synthase) is an enzyme that required for sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOSSIAL) production, is often used in biochemical studies. beta-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (CgtB) catalyzes the addition of a galactose molecule, which is required for GM1-like LOSSIAL structure production.
    beta-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (CgtB)
  • HY-180635
    N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde
    N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde is a metabolite in the glutamate metabolic pathway.
    N-Succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde
  • HY-B0275S
    Oxytetracycline-d6
    Oxytetracycline-d6 is deuterium labeled Oxytetracycline. Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity.
    Oxytetracycline-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-134460
    4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside
    4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside is an α-L-fucosidase. α-L-fucosidase can enhance capacitation of porcine sperm and protect sperm from premature acrosome reaction. Compared with human liver α-L-fucosidase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside has considerable hydrophobicity and isoelectric focusing properties.
    4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside
  • HY-B0660S2
    Eicosapentaenoic acid-d10
    Eicosapentaenoic acid-d10 (EPA-d10) is the deuterium labeled Eicosapentaenoic acid (HY-B0660). Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation.
    Eicosapentaenoic acid-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-178385S
    Heneicosanoic acid-d3
    Heneicosanoic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Heneicosanoic acid (HY-121447). Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid which is found in plants and animals.
    Heneicosanoic acid-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W752616
    1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d6
    1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d6 (Monoisopropanolamine-d6) is the deuterium labeled 1-Aminopropan-2-ol (HY-W015969). 1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas.
    1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N3018R
    Isomaltose (Standard)
    Isomaltose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isomaltose (HY-N3018). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isomaltose induces G-CSF secretion via heat-induced oxidative polymerization of glucose groups into high-molecular-weight compounds. Isomaltose modulates cecal bacterial cluster structure in mice. Isomaltose exhibits low glycemic index, slow hydrolysis, and prebiotic properties. Isomaltose reduces in vivo Cryptosporidium parvum colonization in neonatal mice. Isomaltose can be used for the research of Cryptosporidium parvum infection.
    Isomaltose (Standard)
  • HY-P2824A
    Streptokinase, Streptococcus hemolyticus
    Streptokinase, Streptococcus hemolyticus (EC 3.4.99.0) is an enzyme secreted by several species of streptococci that can bind and activate human plasminogen. Streptokinase belongs to a group of medications known as fibrinolytics, and complexes of streptokinase with human plasminogen can hydrolytically activate other unbound plasminogen by activating through bond cleavage to produce plasmin.
    Streptokinase, Streptococcus hemolyticus
  • HY-N17194
    (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoate
    (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoate is a carnitine biosynthesis metabolite.
    (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-6-(trimethylammonio)hexanoate
  • HY-N1427R
    Glycodeoxycholate Sodium (Standard)
    Glycodeoxycholate (Sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycodeoxycholate (Sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycodeoxycholate Sodium (Sodium glycyldeoxycholate) is a bile salt. Glycodeoxycholate Sodium has cytotoxicity to cancer cell, changes the permeability of the pancreatic duct and decreases glucose levels[1][2][3].
    Glycodeoxycholate Sodium (Standard)
  • HY-Y0949R
    Methyl 2-furoate (Standard)
    Methyl 2-furoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl 2-furoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl 2-furoate (Methyl furan-2-carboxylate) can be used to synthesize cis-fused 5-oxofuro[2,3-b]furans. Methyl 2-furoate is also used in the preparation of sesquiterpene lactones.
    Methyl 2-furoate (Standard)
  • HY-28099
    VEC6
    VEC6 (NSC 11435) is an inhibitor of VEZF1–DNA interaction and has the activity to recapitulate RhoB loss in ischemic retinopathy. VEC6 reduces pathological angiogenesis and promotes lymphangiogenesis. VEC6 plays a unique role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by regulating the expression of different sets of genes in endothelial cells. VEC6 has an inhibitory effect on VEZF1-mediated transcriptional activity, thereby affecting the proliferation and sprouting of endothelial cells.
    VEC6
  • HY-125026
    MyomiRs-IN-1
    MyomiRs-IN-1 is a myomiRs inhibitor with activity to inhibit myoD translation in C2C12 cells. MyomiRs-IN-1 does not change the expression level of myoD mRNA, while downregulating the expression of differentiation markers. MyomiRs-IN-1 affects the expression of myomiRs in muscle cells by regulating the regulatory pathway between miR-221/222 and myoD. The application of MyomiRs-IN-1 can facilitate research on muscle development and related diseases.
    MyomiRs-IN-1
  • HY-W772717
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones.
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate
  • HY-120750
    A 62176 hydrochloride
    A 62176 hydrochloride is a compound that targets DNA topoisomerase II and has the activity of inhibiting purine synthesis in cancer cells. A 62176 hydrochloride interferes with c-MYC mRNA expression by interacting with G-quadruplex. The main mechanism of action of A 62176 hydrochloride is by displacing nucleosomes from the quadruplex of non-template strand rDNA, resulting in rapid redistribution of nucleosomes. The application potential of A 62176 hydrochloride is that it causes DNA damage and relies on BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination and DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining pathways to repair the damage.
    A 62176 hydrochloride
  • HY-P2890A
    Laccase, Recombinant Microbial (High activity)
    Laccase, Recombinant Microbial (High activity) is a multicopper oxidase. Laccase, Recombinant Microbial (High activity) catalyzes the oxidation of multiple substrates, including phenolic compounds, polyphenolic compounds, lignin, etc. Laccase, Recombinant Microbial (High activity) is involved in the lignin degradation, cell wall synthesis, pigment synthesis, and antioxidant/immune defense. Laccase, Recombinant Microbial (High activity) can be used in paper/textile/food industry, bioremediation, biomedicine and agriculture.
    Laccase, Recombinant Microbial (High activity)
  • HY-N20618
    Spicifernin
    Spicifernin is a plant growth regulator produced by the fermentation of Cochliobolus sativus. Spicifernin promotes the elongation of roots, stems and the second leaf sheath of rice seedlings at low concentrations; while it inhibits the elongation of roots and stems of rice seedlings at high concentrations.
    Spicifernin
  • HY-113147AR
    L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Standard)
    L-Palmitoylcarnitine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Palmitoylcarnitine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride inhibits KATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2[1].
    L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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