Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-N2024A

Maltose monohydrate		99.92%
Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders.

HY-N0623S8

L-Tryptophan-¹⁵N₂		99.9%
L-Tryptophan-¹⁵N₂ is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.

HY-B0660R

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (Standard)
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eicosapentaenoic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation.

HY-14649S4

Retinoic acid-d₅		99.07%
Retinoic acid-d₅ is the the deuterium labeled Retinoic acid (HY-14649). Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC₅₀s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with K_d of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.

HY-N0523S

Gallic acid-d₂		99.59%
Gallic acid-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.

HY-113085

3-Hydroxyhippuric acid		99.64%
3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an acylglycine. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid inhibits kynureninase (K_i=60 μM). The concentration of 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid in autistic experimental groups is higher than that in control groups. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a biomarker for Clostridium and is positively correlated with the content of Clostridium. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is one of the major metabolites of catechin-rich and wine polyphenol-rich diets. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases and autism spectrum disorders.

HY-W015466

Acetylvaline		99.86%
Acetylvaline is an amino acid derivative belonging to the N-acetylated amino acid family. Acetylvaline can be detected in small quantities in the urine of healthy individuals but shows significantly abnormal excretion in the urine of patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Acetylvaline can be used to detect MSUD.

HY-121447

Heneicosanoic acid		98.0%
Heneicosanoic acid is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid widely present in human milk, fish, seeds, and cerebrosides in the cell membranes of the nervous system. Heneicosanoic acid can form Langmuir monolayers and is often used as a model to study lipid self-assembly and disassembly processes in biological membranes and drug delivery systems. In the low-temperature L'2 and CS crystalline phases, Heneicosanoic acid undergoes local oscillations, which in turn drive the spontaneous formation and expulsion of micelles and vesicles.

HY-Y0694

2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone		99.99%
2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Resacetophenone) is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'. 2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone involves in a practical CsHCO₃-mediated alkylation that efficiently provide 4-alkylated products with excellent regioselectivity, good isolated yields and a broad substrate scope. 2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a plant metabolite.

HY-W004305

Hexadecanal		98.77%
Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) , a volatile long-chain aliphatic aldehyde, is emitted from human feces, skin, and breath. The receptor for hexadecanal(OR37B) is highly conserved across mammals. Hexadecanal may exert its effects by modulating functional connectivity between the brain substrates of social appraisal and the brain substrates of aggressive execution. Also, Hexadecanal is confirmed to be highly deterrent to the ant Lasius niger. Hexadecanal is promising for the research of startle responses and aggression

HY-N0379R

D-Mannose (Standard)
D-Mannose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Mannose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Mannose is a C-2 superpolymer of glucose that occurs naturally in many plants and fruits. D-Mannose has anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. D-Mannose plays an important role in immune regulation.

HY-B0809R

Theophylline (Standard)
Theophylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Theophylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.

HY-Y0966S2

Glycine-2-¹³C		99.78%
Glycine-2-¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-N1461

Dihydrodaidzein		99.38%
Dihydrodaidzein is one of the most prominent dietary phytoestrogens.

HY-B1827

D-Galacturonic acid hydrate		99.92%
D-Galacturonic acid (D-galUA) hydrate, as the main component of pectin, is abundantly present in plants. The carboxyl group of D-Galacturonic acid hydrate can bind to metal cations. D-Galacturonic acid hydrate plays an important role in the food industry, pharmaceutical field, and heavy metal removal, among other aspects.

HY-137243

Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium	Inhibitor	99.12%
Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium is an endogenous purine nucleotide. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium acts as an inhibitor of bovine adrenal estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) with a K_i value of 7.0 μM. It also serves as an indispensable specific cofactor for the pregnenolone-binding protein (PBP) steroid-binding complex, with an EC₅₀ value of 1.5 μM in guinea pigs.

HY-W020215

Tricarballylic acid		98.0%
Tricarballylic acid is an orally active compound that can be produced by rumen microorganisms and has the activity of chelating magnesium. Tricarballylic acid is also a competitive inhibitor of aconitate hydratase, with a K_i value of 0.52 mM. Tricarballylic acid can inhibit the oxidation of acetate in the citric acid cycle and can be used in the research of ruminant tissue metabolism and grass tetany syndrome. In addition, Tricarballylic acid can be used to synthesize specific complexes and produce plasticizers.

HY-113248

3-Nitro-L-tyrosine		99.89%
3-Nitro-L-tyrosine serves as a biomarker of oxidative stress. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine attenuates the pressor and vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by inhibiting the α₁-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling pathway, and participates in hemodynamic regulation under pathological conditions such as inflammation and ischemia. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine can be used in studies related to atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion and sepsis.

HY-W883690

LacK free acid		98.0%
LacK (free acid) is a lysine derivative used in lactate acylation studies.

HY-103638S

3-Methoxytyramine-d₄ hydrochloride		98.66%
3-Methoxytyramine-d₄ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled 3-Methoxytyramine hydrochloride. 3-Methoxytyramine hydrochloride is an inactive metabolite of dopamine which can activate trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1).

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492):