2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-183771
    CDK4/6-IN-28
    		Inhibitor
    CDK4/6-IN-28 is a potent, orally active, and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor IC50 values of 14.02 and 10.03 nM, respectively. CDK4/6-IN-28 inhibits breast cancer cell colony formation, migration, and proliferation. CDK4/6-IN-28 induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. CDK4/6-IN-28 exhibits tumor inhibitory activity in breast cancer xenograft mouse models. CDK4/6-IN-28 can be used for the research of breast cancer.
    CDK4/6-IN-28
  • HY-P5345
    KLA peptide
    		Inhibitor
    KLA peptide is a naturally occurring Antibiotic peptide that is nontoxic outside of cells but is toxic when it enters into the interior of targeted cells. KLA peptide can induce cell Apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membranes and activating Caspase. MG1-KLA, formed by the coupling of KLA peptide with MG1, can selectively induce apoptosis in pro-inflammatory microglia. KLA peptide can be used for the research of liver fibrosis. KLA peptide can be used for the research of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
    KLA peptide
  • HY-174827
    POLRMT-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    POLRMT-IN-2 is a potent POLRMT inhibitor. POLRMT-IN-2 exhibits strong antiproliferative activity in MOLM-13 cells, with an IC50 of 1.01 μM. POLRMT-IN-2 disrupts mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in MOLM-13cells. POLRMT-IN-2 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).
    POLRMT-IN-2
  • HY-113410S
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d4
    		Inhibitor
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-130133
    DHW-221
    		Inhibitor
    DHW-221 is a potent orally active dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, exhibiting low nanomolar potency against all four Class I PI3K isoforms and mTOR (PI3Kα, IC50 = 0.50 nM; PI3Kβ, IC50 = 1.9 nM; PI3Kγ, IC50 = 1.8 nM; PI3Kδ, IC50 = 0.74 nM; mTOR, IC50 = 3.9 nM). DHW-221 exerts antitumor effects by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and paraptosis (via Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and MAPK signaling) and arrests cell cycle, thereby inhibiting cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. DHW-221 inhibits tumor growth in both the A549/Taxol (HY-B0015) and the HCC827 xenograft mouse models. DHW-221 can be used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon and breast cancer research.
    DHW-221
  • HY-111321
    Fuscin
    		Inhibitor
    Fuscin, a fungal metabolite, CCR5 receptor antagonist with anti-HIV effects. Fuscin is a respiration and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, and also a mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions inhibitor.
    Fuscin
  • HY-W020215R
    Tricarballylic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tricarballylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tricarballylic acid (HY-W020215). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tricarballylic acid is an orally active compound that can be produced by rumen microorganisms and has the activity of chelating magnesium. Tricarballylic acid is also a competitive inhibitor of aconitate hydratase, with a Ki value of 0.52 mM. Tricarballylic acid can inhibit the oxidation of acetate in the citric acid cycle and can be used in the research of ruminant tissue metabolism and grass tetany syndrome. In addition, Tricarballylic acid can be used to synthesize specific complexes and produce plasticizers.
    Tricarballylic acid (Standard)
  • HY-184173
    OXPHOS-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    OXPHOS-IN-3 is a mitochondria-targeted dual OXPHOS/glycolysis inhibitor. OXPHOS-IN-3 exhibits potent antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells. OXPHOS-IN-3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death (ICD). OXPHOS-IN-3 shows potent antitumor activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models.
    OXPHOS-IN-3
  • HY-172227
    S-15176
    		Inhibitor
    S-15176 is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). S-15176 inhibits mitochondrial swelling induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide with an IC50 value of 45.7 μM. S-15176 inhibits PTP opening, prevents mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and NAD(P)H oxidation, and increases mitochondrial calcium loading capacity. S-15176 is promising for research of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    S-15176
  • HY-183265
    GO847
    		Inhibitor
    GO847 is an orally active casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 40.2 nM. GO847 increases intracellular ATP levels, impairs Mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, and promotes excessive mitochondrial ROS production. GO847 alters the period length of cellular circadian rhythms. GO847 inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells. GO847 can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    GO847
  • HY-178986
    BJH-60
    		Inhibitor
    BJH-60 is a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor. BJH-60 can inhibit mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate with an IC50 of 1.9 μM in A549 cells. BJH-60 shows no PDE inhibitory effect. BJH-60 can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.
    BJH-60
  • HY-179574
    AURKA-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    AURKA-IN-4 (compound 13), a capsaicin-derived prohibitin ligand, is an AURKA inhibitor. AURKA-IN-4 acts as a molecular glue within the AURKA/PHB2/LC3 complex. AURKA-IN-4 is specific to the mitochondrial pool of AURKA, and inhibits AURKA-dependent mitophagy. AURKA-IN-4 can be used for cancer research.
    AURKA-IN-4
  • HY-N12338
    (+)-Licarin
    		Inhibitor
    (+)-Licarin (Compound 7) is a compound derived from Ocotea macrophylla Kunth. leaves octanoid neolignans.
    (+)-Licarin
  • HY-131453
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 is a mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 reduces platelet aggregation, adhesion, and platelet-induced coagulation responses. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 induces adaptive glycolysis, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, selectively reduces ATP production derived from oxidative phosphorylation, and exerts bidirectional regulatory effects on cell proliferation. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 activates UPRmt and upregulates the expression of SDHA-1 and MT-CO1. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 restores metabolic homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 can be used to investigate diseases mediated by inappropriate platelet activation/aggregation and type 2 diabetes.
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1
  • HY-177092
    AGF347
    		Inhibitor
    AGF347 is a potent and multi-targeted antifolate that targets serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT)2 in the mitochondria and SHMT1 in the cytosol, and inhibits de novo purine biosynthesis. AGF347 induces apoptosis, inhibits mTOR signaling, decreases GSH pools, and increases ROS. AGF347 inhibits proliferation of Cisplatin (HY-17394) sensitive and resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. AGF347 exhibits antitumor efficacy in SKOV3 EOC xenograft mouse models. AGF347 can be used for ovarian cancer research.
    AGF347
  • HY-B1914R
    Tebufenpyrad (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tebufenpyrad (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tebufenpyrad. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tebufenpyrad can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Tebufenpyrad induces dose-dependent cell death on N27 cells, with an EC50 value of 3.98 μM.
    Tebufenpyrad (Standard)
  • HY-181072
    POLRMT-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    POLRMT-IN-4 is a photoactivated mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor. POLRMT-IN-4 can be liberated from the photoactivatable prodrug upon irradiation, enables spatiotemporally precise inhibition and localized tissue selectivity. POLRMT-IN-4 disrupts mitochondrial transcription, impairs oxidative phosphorylation, and suppresses cancer cell proliferation. POLRMT-IN-4 can be used in research on various cancers, such as pancreatic cancer.
    POLRMT-IN-4
  • HY-181934
    ClpP activator-2
    		Inhibitor
    ClpP activator-2 (Compound GU18) is a ClpP activator with a Kd of 5.01 μM for HsClpP. ClpP activator-2 enhances the proteolytic activity of HsClpP and promotes the degradation of α-casein by HsClpP, with an EC50 of 1.09 μM. ClpP activator-2 induces the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to damage to mitochondrial structure and function. ClpP activator-2 exhibits significant in vivo anti-multiple myeloma activity.
    ClpP activator-2
  • HY-122534
    Mensacarcin
    		Inhibitor
    Mensacarcin, a highly complex polyketide, strongly inhibits cell growth universally in cancer cell lines and potently induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Mensacarcin targets to mitochondria, affects energy metabolism in mitochondria, and activates caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Mensacarcin, an antibiotic, can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
    Mensacarcin
  • HY-N0832S
    L-Histidine-15N3
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-15N3 is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity