2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-175531
    EGFR-IN-169
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-169 is an epidermal growth factor (EGFR) (IC50 = 5.19 μM) inhibitor form panaxadiol. EGFR-IN-169 interferes with the migration and growth of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR-mediated RalA/EMT pathway. EGFR-IN-169 shows an IC50 value of 4.46 μM and SI of 16.92 for HCT-116 cells. EGFR-IN-169 inhibits CDKs activity, induces G0/G1 cycle arrest and inhibits migration and invasion. EGFR-IN-169 reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis and ROS production. EGFR-IN-169 can be used for the research of cancer, such as colorectal cancer.
    EGFR-IN-169
  • HY-179160
    Tubulin-IN-61
    		Activator
    Tubulin-IN-61 is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 of ≤7.63 μM. Tubulin-IN-61 induces early apoptosis and triggers significant G2/M phase arrest. Tubulin-IN-61 elevates intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin-IN-61 shows high activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 5.61 μM. Tubulin-IN-61 can be used for the research of breast cancer.
    Tubulin-IN-61
  • HY-119695AS1
    Simvastatin acid-d9 ammonium
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid-d9 ammonium is deuterated labeled Simvastatin acid ammonium (HY-119695A). Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin) ammonium is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid ammonium reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid ammonium can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid-d<sub>9</sub> ammonium
  • HY-182390
    Ferroptosis-IN-24
    		Inhibitor
    Ferroptosis-IN-24 is a non-classical ferroptosis inhibitor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, with nanomolar inhibitory activity against ferroptosis induced by RSL3 (HY-100218A) and Erastin (HY-15763). Ferroptosis-IN-24 alleviates oxidative stress, reduces lipid peroxidation accumulation, and restores redox homeostasis. Ferroptosis-IN-24 is applicable to research related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute liver injury.
    Ferroptosis-IN-24
  • HY-B0916R
    Propoxur (Standard)
    		Activator
    Propoxue (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propoxue (HY-B0916). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests.
    Propoxur (Standard)
  • HY-124941
    7-Deacetylgedunin
    		Activator
    7-Deacetylgedunin is an activator of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1. 7-Deacetylgedunin alleviates mice mortality induced by LPS. 7-Deacetylgedunin inhibits Keap1 expression and suppresses macrophage proliferation. 7-Deacetylgedunin suppresses inflammation in vivo and in vitro.
    7-Deacetylgedunin
  • HY-N15641
    Dalbergione
    		Inhibitor
    Dalbergione (Dalbegione) (Compound 5) can be extracted from the Dalbergia Sissoo Linn. knot wood. Dalbergione exhibits antioxidant ability. Dalbergione can also be obtained from the methanol extract of Dalbergia odorifera heartwood and the alkane extract of Dalbergia parvifera heartwood.
    Dalbergione
  • HY-W780166
    Uric acid-13C
    Uric acid-13C is the 13C-labeled Uric acid (HY-B2130). Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-N18024
    Kaempferol-3-O-glu-rha-glu
    		Inducer
    Kaempferol-3-O-glu-rha-glu is an insecticide. Kaempferol-3-O-glu-rha-glu inhibits activities of the enzymes CarE, GSTs, MFO, and AChE. Kaempferol-3-O-glu-rha-glu exhibits cytotoxicity and disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and increases ROS production. Kaempferol-3-O-glu-rha-glu can be used for the infection.
    Kaempferol-3-O-glu-rha-glu
  • HY-N2593R
    Isorhapontigenin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isorhapontigenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isorhapontigenin (HY-N2593). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isorhapontigenin is an orally active dietary polyphenol. Isorhapontigenin acts as a potent antioxidant that reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isorhapontigenin promotes the binding of JUN to the AP-1 site on the SESN2 promoter, induces SESN2 transcription, triggers MAPK8-dependent JUN activation, and upregulates the expression of PPAR-α, PGC-1α and CPT-1A to facilitate fatty acid oxidation. Isorhapontigenin induces autophagy, apoptosis and preadipocyte differentiation; it inhibits tumor growth, cell invasion, NF-κB transcriptional activity, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, STAT1 phosphorylation and MMP-2 expression. Isorhapontigenin alleviates oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine release and triglyceride accumulation; it increases intracellular ATP levels and promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Isorhapontigenin improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and glucose tolerance, and reduces postprandial blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acid levels. Isorhapontigenin is applicable to research on bladder cancer, liver injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes.
    Isorhapontigenin (Standard)
  • HY-N13793
    (+)-Isoampelopsin F
    		Control
    (+)-Isoampelopsin F is an oligostilbene compound that exists in the roots of Caragana sinica. (+)-Isoampelopsin F does not exhibit significant DPPH radical scavenging or lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, with IC50 values all >200 μM.
    (+)-Isoampelopsin F
  • HY-181098
    FKA-9i
    		Inhibitor
    FKA-9i is an orally active anticancer agent. FKA-9i directly binds to and promotes the degradation of oncoproteins LRPPRC (kd: 7.387 μM), YBX1 (kd: 16.52 μM) and RPN1 (kd: 26.82 μM). FKA-9i inhibits the MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. FKA-9i also induces cancer cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation. FKA-9i can be used in the research of tumors such as gastric cancer.
    FKA-9i
  • HY-12033S
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C,d3
    		Activator
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0281R
    Daphnetin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Daphnetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daphnetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), one coumarin derivative can be found in plants of the Genus Daphne, is a potent, oral active protein kinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 7.67 μM, 9.33 μM and 25.01 μM for EGFR, PKA and PKC in vitro, respectively. Daphnetin triggers ROS-induced cell apoptosis and induces cytoprotective autophagy by modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway. Daphnetin has anti-inflammation activitity and inhibits TNF-α, IL-1 , ROS, and MDA production. Daphnetin has schizontocidal activity against malaria parasites. Daphnetin can be used for rheumatoid arthritis , cancer and anti-malarian research.
    Daphnetin (Standard)
  • HY-W144308
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone
    		Inducer 98.45%
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a metabolite of Pentachlorophenol. Tetrachlorohydroquinone induces reactive oxidant stress (ROS), inhibits apoptosis and induces necrosis in primary mouse splenocytes. Tetrachlorohydroquinone increases DNA lesions and induces oxidative stress in rodents.
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone
  • HY-182324
    TrxR2-IN-1
    		Activator
    TrxR2-IN-1 is a thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.83 μM. TrxR2-IN-1 accumulates in mitochondria, impairs mitochondrial function and membrane potential, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activates ASK1-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis (apoptosis), induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibits cancer cell migration. TrxR2-IN-1 can be used in the research of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    TrxR2-IN-1
  • HY-W009300S1
    4-Hydroxyestrone-13C6
    4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1)-13C6 is a 13C-labeled 4-Hydroxyestrone (HY-W009300). 4-Hydroxyestrone is a brain-penetrant estrogen metabolite. 4-Hydroxyestrone shows neuroprotective effects involving increased cytoplasmic localization of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation. 4-Hydroxyestrone relies on PDI to mediate its protective effect against chemically induced ferroptosis in estrogen receptor-negative cancer cells. 4-Hydroxyestrone inhibits lipid peroxidation and lipid-ROS accumulation. 4-Hydroxyestrone blocks preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in Rattus norvegicus. 4-Hydroxyestrone can be used for the researches of neurodegeneration, breast cancer and endocrine disease.
    4-Hydroxyestrone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W711035
    Picolinafen
    		Activator
    Picolinafen is a pyridine-class herbicide that acts as a phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitor. Picolinafen effectively controls broadleaf weeds and disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis. Picolinafen exhibits cytotoxicity to porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and luminal epithelial (pLE) cells. Picolinafen induces (ROS accumulation, calcium depletion, and activates (MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, leading to decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, impaired migration, and altered expression of implantation-related genes. Picolinafen has an LD50 value of 2.7 mg/kg in mammals and 7 μg/L in fish. Picolinafen exhibits toxic effects during zebrafish embryogenesis[1][2].
    Picolinafen
  • HY-N7106S2
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C6,d4
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C6,d4 (DMP-13C6,d4) is the deuterium labeled and 13C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>,d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N6189
    MBL-1
    		Inhibitor
    MBL-1 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. MBL-1 can be isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus sp. derived from gorgonians. MBL-1 inhibits the activity of the hCOX-2 protein with an IC50 of 5.77 μM. MBL-1 reduces the production of key pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, ROS, IL-1β and IL-18 by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. MBL-1 exerts a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis. MBL-1 can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis.
    MBL-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity