2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1946R
    Dimethoate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dimethoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Dimethoate is an orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Dimethoate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dimethoate induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in vivo. Dimethoate affect immune system in mice.
    Dimethoate (Standard)
  • HY-W004702R
    Methyl methanesulfonate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Methyl methanesulfonate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl methanesulfonate (HY-W004702). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl methanesulfonate is an alkylating agent which transfers methyl groups, and induces DNA damage. Methyl methanesulfonate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Methyl methanesulfonate (Standard)
  • HY-18260S2
    Bisphenol A-13C12
    		Activator
    Bisphenol A-13C12 is the 13C-labeled Bisphenol A (HY-18260). Bisphenol A is a phenolic, organic synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant, often classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Bisphenol A is associated with many diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases, obesity, and reproductivedisorders.
    Bisphenol A-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-W001542
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
    		Inhibitor
    5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid for its antioxidant. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is a product of partial metabolism of tryptophan involving conversion in the gut lumen of tryptophan to indole through the action of bacterial tryptophanase and tryptophan synthase. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is one of the main molecules responsible for the neurological symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
  • HY-B0223R
    Albendazole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Albendazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Albendazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells.
    Albendazole (Standard)
  • HY-111431AR
    p-Cresyl sulfate potassium (Standard)
    		Inducer
    p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of p-Cresyl sulfate (potassium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. p-Cresyl sulfate (p-Tolyl sulfate) potassium is a uremic toxin, that can cause renal damage and dysfunction. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium shows antiproliferation activity. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium increases the protein expression of HIF-1α and VHL, decreases the protein expression of HIF-2α. p-Cresyl sulfate potassium induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). p-Cresyl sulfate potassium activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
    p-Cresyl sulfate potassium (Standard)
  • HY-125999
    EPI-589
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    EPI-589, a quinone derivative, is a safe and well tolerated oxidoreductase enzyme inhibitor and a free radical scavenger, with blood-brain barrier permeable and orally available. EPI-589 is a redox-active neuroprotectant that effectively delays the symptoms of motor neuron disease in wobbler mice. EPI-589 can be used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research.
    EPI-589
  • HY-W745029A
    L-Glutathione reduced-d5 ammonium
    		98.71%
    L-Glutathione reduced-d5 (GSH-d5) ammonium is the deuterium labeled L-Glutathione reduced (HY-D0187). L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced-d<sub>5</sub> ammonium
  • HY-W015913S1
    Pyruvic acid-d3 sodium
    		98.4%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Pyruvic acid-d<sub>3</sub> sodium
  • HY-117433S
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4
    		Activator
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the proagent Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders.
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0570S
    Hydroxytyrosol-d4
    		Inducer
    Hydroxytyrosol-d4 (DOPET-d4) is the deuterium labeled Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields.
    Hydroxytyrosol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-134769
    OPC-163493
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    OPC-163493 is an orally active and liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling agent. OPC-163493 reduces the production of mitochondrial Δψ and ROS. OPC-163493 has anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects. In addition, OPC-163493 has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease.
    OPC-163493
  • HY-155554
    SCAL-255
    		Activator 99.15%
    SCAL-255 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.14 μM. SCAL-255 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits oxygen consumption rate (OCR), induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-255 can be used in the research of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), etc.
    SCAL-255
  • HY-W002942
    Ferroptosis-IN-21
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Ferroptosis-IN-21 is a ferroptosis inhibitor that protects against renal I/R injury by suppressing ferroptosis and directly scavenging peroxyl radicals. Ferroptosis-IN-21 displays broad-spectrum anti-ferroptotic efficacy across multiple inducers in renal tubular epithelial cells, with nanomolar potency and robust suppression of lipid Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Ferroptosis-IN-21 significantly ameliorates renal I/R injury in mice, reducing histological damage, functional impairment, and inflammatory cytokine expression, while decreasing lipid peroxidation biomarkers such as 4-hydroxynonenal. Ferroptosis-IN-12 can be used for research in the field of ferroptosis-targeted drug development.
    Ferroptosis-IN-21
  • HY-P11205A
    Cys-PKHB1 TFA
    		Activator 99.43%
    Cys-PKHB1 (Cys-txCD47) TFA is a peptide conjugated to PKHB1, a CD47 agonist peptide and a thrombospondin-1 peptide mimic with antitumor effects. PKHB1 induces mitochondrial alterations, ROS generation, intracellular Ca+ accumulation, and calcium-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells. PKHB1 induces immune system activation in breast cancer cells through immunogenic cell death.
    Cys-PKHB1 TFA
  • HY-175593
    M6766
    		Inducer 99.43%
    M6766 is a selective endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1α (ERO1α) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM and a KD of 1.1 μM. M6766 also inhibits ERO1β with an IC50 of 7.2 μM. M6766 binds to the flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding pocket in ERO1α. M6766 inhibits granule secretion, αIIbβ3 integrin activation, Ca2+ mobilization, and platelet aggregation. M6766 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as ischemic stroke.
    M6766
  • HY-106359A
    Delmitide acetate
    		99.22%
    Delmitide (RDP58) acetate is an orally active d-isomer decapeptide with potent anti-inflammatory activity. Delmitide acetate inhibits production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin (IL)-12, and up-regulates heme oxygenase 1 activity. Delmitide acetate can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis.
    Delmitide acetate
  • HY-125919
    Vulpinic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Vulpinic acid, a lichen metabolite, decreases H2O2-induced ROS production, oxidative stress and oxidative stress-related damages in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Vulpinic acid is active against staphylococci, enterococci, and anaerobic bacteria.Vulpinic acid has the potential for atherosclerosis research.
    Vulpinic acid
  • HY-112328
    Fascaplysin
    		Inducer
    Fascaplysin is an antimicrobial and cytotoxic red pigment, that can come from the marine sponge (Fascaplysinopsis sp.). Fascaplysin has been synthesized in seven steps from indole (65% yield). Fascaplysin can induces apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fascaplysin shows anti-tumor activity.
    Fascaplysin
  • HY-126193
    JS-K
    		Inducer 99.59%
    JS-K is a NO donor that reacts with glutathione to generate NO at physiological pH. JS-K induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) to mediate apoptosis. JS-K induces autophagy. JS-K inhibits invasion. JS-K has a broad spectrum anti-proliferative activity in cancer cells. JS-K reduces tumor volume and causes necrosis of implanted tumors in mice.
    JS-K
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity