2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-182028
    17β-HSD10-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    17β-HSD10-IN-4 is a selective brain-penetrant 17β-HSD10 inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.33 μM. 17β-HSD10-IN-4 forms key interactions with the 17β-HSD10 catalytic triad to functionally inhibit the enzyme, without altering its protein levels. 17β-HSD10-IN-4 restores mitochondrial function, reduces ROS levels, increases ATP production, and suppresses cytochrome c release. 17β-HSD10-IN-4 attenuates CDK5/p25 activation, reduces Tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ plaque load and restores brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. 17β-HSD10-IN-4 improves cognitive function.17β-HSD10-IN-4 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    17β-HSD10-IN-4
  • HY-181069
    Neuroprotective agent 16
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective agent 16 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable neuroprotective agent. Neuroprotective agent 16 effectively scavenges DPPH and ABTS radicals, with IC50 values of 7.98 μM and 5.50 μM, respectively. Neuroprotective agent 16 exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and DNA damage-reducing activities. Neuroprotective agent 16 can be used in research on diseases such as ischemic stroke.
    Neuroprotective agent 16
  • HY-116920
    Alyssin
    		Activator
    Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    Alyssin
  • HY-B1245R
    Salsalate (Standard)
    Salsalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salsalate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salsalate, a non-acetylated salicylate, is an effective antirheumatic agent that bypasses gastric absorption and also avoids cyclooxygenase inhibition. Salsalate has anti-inflammatory activity and reduces glucose levels, insulin resistance, and cytokine expression. Salsalate can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes.
    Salsalate (Standard)
  • HY-181143
    PROTAC Tubulin degrader-2
    		Inducer
    PROTAC Tubulin degrader-2 is a cereblon (CRBN)-dependent α/β-tubulin PROTAC degrader with DC50 values of 1.73 μM and 1.38 μM. PROTAC Tubulin degrader-2 can inhibit cancer cells proliferation and migration. PROTAC Tubulin degrader-2 can induce G2/M arrest, apoptosis, ROS accumulation. PROTAC Tubulin degrader-2 can be used for the research of cancer, such as non-small-cell lung cancer.
    PROTAC Tubulin degrader-2
  • HY-174345
    Ferroptosis inducer-8
    		Activator
    Ferroptosis inducer-8 is a ferroptosis inducer with high selectivity for other cell death mechanism. Ferroptosis inducer-8 induces ferroptosis by affecting ACSL4, GPX4, and FTH1, thereby disrupting intracellular iron homeostasis and the GSH/GPX4 antioxidant defense system, ultimately leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis inducer-8 also induces ROS production. Ferroptosis inducer-8 inhibits tumor growth and can be used for research of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    Ferroptosis inducer-8
  • HY-W778335
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C2
    Dimethyl Phthalate-13C2 (DMP-13C2) is the 13C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W160358
    2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol
    		99.88%
    2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol, a volatile organic compound, is a fatty acid that can be isolated from Amphora sp.. 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol has significant antineoplastic and antiviral activities with inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol also has potent antifungal activity against Pseudogymnoascus destructans. 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol compromises cell wall and membrane integrity while perturbing energy metabolism, increases the levels of ROS, ATP, Superoxide anion and GSH, and decreases CAT and SOD activities. And 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol alters virulence ribosomal genes expression, and disrupts the MAPK signaling pathways, inducing fungal cell apoptosis.
    2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol
  • HY-175591
    Photosensitizer-7
    		Activator
    Photosensitizer-7 is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted photosensitizer (PS) (λab = 610 nm, λem = 622 nm). Photosensitizer-7shows an IC50 of 4.006 μM in HeLa cells and 3.28 μM in MCF-7 cells under light irradiation. Photosensitizer-7 exhibits dose-dependent cellular uptake and predominant colocalization with ER. Photosensitizer-7 induces dose-dependent intracellular ROS generation, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases apoptosis upon light irradiation in cells. Photosensitizer-7 significantly inhibits tumor growth in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice. Photosensitizer-7 can be used for the study of photodynamic anticancer applications.
    Photosensitizer-7
  • HY-162451
    Antibacterial agent 207
    		Inducer
    Antibacterial agent 207 (Compound Ru1) has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 1 μg/mL), and low resistance frequencies. Antibacterial agent 207 destroys the bacterial cell membrane, promote production of ROS in bacteria.
    Antibacterial agent 207
  • HY-177268
    CHNQD-01426
    		Inducer
    CHNQD-01426 (Compound 4a) is an anticancer agent. CHNQD-01426 has cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. CHNQD-01426 significantly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation via arresting S and G2/M phase cell cycle and induces apoptosis by inducing ROS production and elevating apoptosis-related proteins expression. CHNQD-01426 potently inhibits tumor growth in HepG2 xenograft mice model.
    CHNQD-01426
  • HY-181837
    IKKβ-IN-7
    		Inducer
    IKKβ-IN-7 is an IKKβ inhibitor with an IC50 value of 9.44 μM. IKKβ-IN-7 induces DNA damage, S-phase cell cycle arrest, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and apoptosis. IKKβ-IN-7 inhibits phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, suppresses p65 nuclear translocation, and regulates NF-κB-controlled genes. IKKβ-IN-7 suppresses tumor growth in xenograft models and shows activity against colorectal cancer with low normal cell cytotoxicity. IKKβ-IN-7 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    IKKβ-IN-7
  • HY-159007
    BD-AcAc2
    		Modulator
    BD-AcAc2 (R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diester) is an orally active, CNS-penetrant antiepileptic agent. BD-AcAc2 inhibits NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1/3, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and enhances autophagy. BD-AcAc2 exhibits antioxidant activity by modulating ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH levels, and alleviates oxidative stress. BD-AcAc2 mitigates chronic colitis, counteracts Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced pathology, protects against central nervous system oxygen toxicity and acute lung injury, and exhibits anti-seizure efficacy. BD-AcAc2 can be used for the research of colitis, sarcopenia, acute lung injury, seizure, and obesity.
    BD-AcAc2
  • HY-W015635R
    Diallyl disulfide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diallyl disulfide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diallyl disulfide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diallyl disulfide is an orally active decomposition product of allicin and has a pungent odor. Diallyl disulfide can act as a hydrogen sulfide donor. Diallyl disulfide has inhibitory activity against squalene monooxygenase with an IC50 of 400 μM. Diallyl disulfide can alleviate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of intestinal and liver cells induced by Ethyl Carbamate (HY-B1207). Diallyl disulfide can prevent emphysema induced by cigarette smoke. Diallyl disulfide also has anti-colon cancer and anti-inflammatory neurogenic activities, and can reverse the depressive-like behavior of mice.
    Diallyl disulfide (Standard)
  • HY-W777084
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3 ((E)-O-Methylferulic acid-13C3) is the 13C-labeled (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (HY-N1778A). (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic effects.
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-12970B
    EPZ020411 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    EPZ020411 dihydrochloride is a selective, blood-brain barrier-permeable PRMT6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.010 μM. EPZ020411 dihydrochloride blocks PRMT6-mediated histone H3R2 methylation, reduces ROS production, and inhibits Apoptosis. EPZ020411 dihydrochloride is applicable to research related to neuropathic pain, colorectal cancer, ototoxicity, hearing loss and glioblastoma.
    EPZ020411 dihydrochloride
  • HY-146516
    Anticancer agent 42
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 42 (compound 10d) is an orally active anticancer agent, and shows a potent antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cell with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. Anticancer agent 42 can exert its anticancer activity by activating apoptotic pathway and p53 expression. Anticancer agent 42 can be used to study metastatic breast cancer.
    Anticancer agent 42
  • HY-181350
    CAIX/XII/NAMPT-IN-1
    		Inducer
    CAIX/XII/NAMPT-IN-1 is a triple inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX/XII and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with a hCA IX Ki of 78.1 nM, hCA XII Ki of 64.4 nM, and hNAMPT IC50 of 168 nM. CAIX/XII/NAMPT-IN-1 induces apoptosis, ROS accumulation, suppresses ERK/AKT signaling, inhibits DNA synthesis, and causes mitochondrial dysfunction. CAIX/XII/NAMPT-IN-1 exerts antiproliferative effects against multiple cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CAIX/XII/NAMPT-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, such as renal carcinoma, glioblastoma and colorectal cancer.
    CAIX/XII/NAMPT-IN-1
  • HY-178389
    GPX4-IN-20
    		Activator
    GPX4-IN-20, a Arctigenin (HY-N0035) derived, is a GPX4& molecular gluedegrader. GPX4-IN-20 induces ferroptosis by increasing lipid ROS levels and suppressing GSH levels. GPX4-IN-20 reduces the protein expression and enzyme activity of GPX4 in a dose-dependent manner without affecting other ferroptosis-related proteins. GPX4-IN-20 induces ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of GPX4. GPX4-IN-20 also increases the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in HCT-116 cells. GPX4-IN-20 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    GPX4-IN-20
  • HY-156898
    NPT100-18A
    		Inhibitor
    NPT100-18A is an αSyn oligomerization inhibitor. NPT10018A rescues cleaved caspase-3 levels to control levels. NPT10018A attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress probe levels in a compartment-specific manner and, at higher concentrations, increases ATP signals. NPT100-18A can be used for the study of Parkinson’s disease (PD).
    NPT100-18A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity