2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-44178S
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d9
    		Inhibitor 98%
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d9 is the deuterium labeled Diethyl butylmalonate (HY-44178). Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC50-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    Diethyl butylmalonate-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-N11948
    Simmondsin
    		Inhibitor
    Simmondsin, derived from the jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis), has been shown to decrease food intake and body weight in rats without any noticeable adverse effects.
    Simmondsin
  • HY-183265
    GO847
    		Activator
    GO847 is an orally active casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 40.2 nM. GO847 increases intracellular ATP levels, impairs Mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, and promotes excessive mitochondrial ROS production. GO847 alters the period length of cellular circadian rhythms. GO847 inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells. GO847 can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    GO847
  • HY-DY1053
    1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (solution)
    1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) (solution) has been developed as a selective probe for the detection and quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in samples containing different reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). DPBF is a fluorescent probe which, for almost 20 years, was believed to react in a highly specific manner toward some reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxy, alkyloxy or alkylperoxy radicals.
    Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 10 mM
    The 1 mL volume is defined as the base specification. All larger sizes correspond to incremental volumes of this base.
    1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (solution)
  • HY-173221
    MJ210
    		Inhibitor
    MJ210 is a modulator of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways with oral activity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and it exhibits neuroprotective activity. In vitro, 5 μM of MJ210 can increase the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells treated with Rotenone (HY-B1756) to 81.9% and reduce the level of ROS, etc. In vivo, 5 mg/kg of MJ210 can improve the motor impairment in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. MJ210 can be used in the research of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
    MJ210
  • HY-178925
    PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5
    		Activator
    PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 (compound N15) is an efficient and highly selective PROTAC GPX4 degrader (DC50 = 28 nM). PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 can induce ferroptosis and has low toxicity to normal cells. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 can significantly increase ROS. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 exerts anti proliferative effects on various tumor cells. PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5 is commonly used in cancer research.
    PROTAC GPX4 degrader-5
  • HY-181018
    Topo I/DDX5-IN-1
    		Activator
    Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 (Compound A10) is a Topo I and DDX5 inhibitor. Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 inhibits Topo I activity, binds to DDX5, and suppresses DDX5 function. Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 increases expression of γ-H2AX and p21, suppresses the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and XIAP), stimulates ROS generation, and triggers Apoptosis. Topo I/DDX5-IN-1 exhibits anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, skin cancer, and colorectal cancer.
    Topo I/DDX5-IN-1
  • HY-N0513R
    Loganic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Loganic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loganic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway, activates Nrf2 signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity. Loganic acid is orally active.
    Loganic acid (Standard)
  • HY-135849C
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei is a catalase derived from Trichoderma reesei. Catalase, trichoderma reesei dismutates hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, helping cells resist oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide.
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei
  • HY-161488
    Eugenol/BSA
    Eugenol/BSA is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Eugenol/BSA
  • HY-14914S1
    Azilsartan-d4
    Azilsartan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan. Azilsartan is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-147915
    Benz-AP
    		Activator
    Benz-AP is a potent photosensitizer. Benz-AP produces singlet oxygen, with a negative correlation with hCES2 (Human carboxylesterase 2) activity. Benz-AP displays a higher photocytotoxicity potency in cancer cells under low hCES2 environments. Upon TPE (Two-photon excitation), Benz-AP produces ROS and kills cancer cells and tumor spheroids.
    Benz-AP
  • HY-W014423R
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-N11771
    Glyurallin B
    		Inhibitor
    Glyurallin B is a flavonoid, that can be isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Glyurallin B shows ABTS+ radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation, with EC50 values of 11.9 ± 0.58 μM and 15.3 ± 1.26 μM, respectivley.
    Glyurallin B
  • HY-P1934AR
    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gallic acid (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay.
    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (Standard)
  • HY-N0521R
    (-)-Gallocatechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Gallocatechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Gallocatechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Gallocatechin, an epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), is contained in various tea products. (-)-Gallocatechin has antioxidant activities. (-)-Gallocatechin is the main active component in green tea extract (HTP-GTE) responsible for its effect of improving age-related cognitive impairments involving protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.
    (-)-Gallocatechin (Standard)
  • HY-174419
    TFSeB
    		Inhibitor
    TFSeB is an orally active neuroprotective agent. TFSeB can reduce Streptozotocin (STZ) (HY-13753) induced MAO-B and AChE activity. TFSeB exerts neuroprotective effects by increasing the expression of BCL-2, BDNF, NRF2, and decreasing the expression of BAX. TFSeB can reduce lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TFSeB can reduce neuroinflammation. TFSeB can be used for research on Alzheimer’s disease.
    TFSeB
  • HY-128741S
    D-Allose-13C
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose-13C is the 13C labeled D-Allose (HY-128741). D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-120825
    QD 232
    		Inducer
    QD 232 is a quinazolinedione-based ROS inducer and an apoptosis inducer with cytotoxicity and redox regulatory activity. QD 232 promotes ROS accumulation, activates the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and unfolded protein response pathways, and upregulates downstream antioxidant and stress response genes. QD 232 inhibits mtDNA transcription driven by HSP2 and LSP promoters, and impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function. QD 232 induces apoptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and exerts cytotoxicity against gemcitabine (HY-17026)-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. QD 232 delays tumor growth in a mouse pancreatic cancer xenograft model.
    QD 232
  • HY-183334
    TDP1-IN-5
    		Activator
    TDP1-IN-5 is a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.2 μM. By targeting TDP1 both intracellularly and extracellularly, TDP1-IN-5 inhibits the NHEJ repair pathway, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, upregulates PIG3 to enhance ROS, and ultimately significantly potentiates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. TDP1-IN-5 can be used in the research of colorectal cancer.
    TDP1-IN-5
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity