1. MAPK/ERK Pathway Immunology/Inflammation
  2. p38 MAPK NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
  3. Muramyl dipeptide

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide is a NLRP1 agonist.

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CAS. Nr. : 53678-77-6

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Muramyl dipeptide:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Aug 30:354:120514.  [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of p-Smad3, Runx2, OPN, and OCN protein levels and quantification. Runx2 agonist Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/mL; 24 h) partially restored osteogenic marker expression in Smad2/3-overexpressed MC3T3-E1 cells.

    Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622.  [Abstract]

    Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/ml, 1 h) enhanced the colocalization of VCPIP1 and Erbin in RAW264.7 cells.

    Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622.  [Abstract]

    Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/ml, 1 h) treatment increased the protein expression of VCPIP1, Erbin, and the phosphorylation levels of IKKα/β, IκBα, and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells.

    Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622.  [Abstract]

    Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/mL, 6 h) significantly increased levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the cultured supernatant of RAW264.7 cells.

    Muramyl dipeptide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 16;143(Pt 3):113622.  [Abstract]

    Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (10 μg/ml, 1 h) induced increased nuclear p65 in both BMDMs from VCPIP1 KO and WT mice.

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    Beschreibung

    Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide is a NLRP1 agonist[1][2].

    IC50 & Target[1][2]

    p38 MAPK

     

    NLRP1

     

    In Vitro

    Muramyl dipeptide (0.1-10 μg/mL; 24 hours) increases protein expression of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner[1].
    Muramyl dipeptide (0.1-10 μg/mL; 6 hours) increases mRNA levels of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner[1].
    Muramyl dipeptide indirectly attenuates osteoclast differentiation through a decreased RANKL/OPG ratio[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Western Blot Analysis[1]

    Cell Line: MC3T3-E1 cells
    Concentration: 0.1, 1, 10 µg/mL
    Incubation Time: 24 hours
    Result: Increased protein expression of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner.

    RT-PCR[1]

    Cell Line: MC3T3-E1 cells
    Concentration: 0.1, 1, 10 µg/mL
    Incubation Time: 6 hours
    Result: Increases mRNA levels of Runx2 in a dose-dependent manner.
    In Vivo

    Muramyl dipeptide (1.25 mg/kg; i.p.; twice) alleviates bone loss induced by osteoporosis[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: RANKL-induced osteoporosis model (Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice)[1]
    Dosage: 1.25 mg/kg
    Administration: i.p.; twice (RANKL-induced osteoporosis for 3 weeks and euthanized at 4 weeks)
    Result: Significantly enhanced the trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N).
    Klinische Studie
    Molekulargewicht

    492.48

    Formel

    C19H32N4O11

    CAS. Nr.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    C[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](C(N)=O)CCC(O)=O)=O)NC([C@H](O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](OC([C@@H]1NC(C)=O)O)CO)O)C)=O

    Versand

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Speicherung
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (203.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 50 mg/mL (101.53 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.0305 mL 10.1527 mL 20.3054 mL
    5 mM 0.4061 mL 2.0305 mL 4.0611 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molaritätsrechner

    • Verdünnungsrechner

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a clear solution of 5 mg/mL.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: 5 mg/mL (10.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a clear solution of 5 mg/mL.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Reinheit & Dokumentation

    Purity: 99.07%

    Verweise

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 2.0305 mL 10.1527 mL 20.3054 mL 50.7635 mL
    5 mM 0.4061 mL 2.0305 mL 4.0611 mL 10.1527 mL
    10 mM 0.2031 mL 1.0153 mL 2.0305 mL 5.0763 mL
    15 mM 0.1354 mL 0.6768 mL 1.3537 mL 3.3842 mL
    20 mM 0.1015 mL 0.5076 mL 1.0153 mL 2.5382 mL
    25 mM 0.0812 mL 0.4061 mL 0.8122 mL 2.0305 mL
    30 mM 0.0677 mL 0.3384 mL 0.6768 mL 1.6921 mL
    40 mM 0.0508 mL 0.2538 mL 0.5076 mL 1.2691 mL
    50 mM 0.0406 mL 0.2031 mL 0.4061 mL 1.0153 mL
    60 mM 0.0338 mL 0.1692 mL 0.3384 mL 0.8461 mL
    80 mM 0.0254 mL 0.1269 mL 0.2538 mL 0.6345 mL
    100 mM 0.0203 mL 0.1015 mL 0.2031 mL 0.5076 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Produktname:
    Muramyl dipeptide
    Art. -Nr.:
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