Cat. No.: HY-W000450

5-Aminolevulinic acid

Name: 5-Aminolevulinic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-W000450
Price: 125.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (21 reviews)

(Synonyms: 5-ALA; δ-Aminolevulinic acid; 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid)

21 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 21 publication(s) in Google Scholar

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA; δ-Aminolevulinic acid; 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid) is an orally active heme precursor. 5-Aminolevulinic acid promotes aerobic energy metabolism and increases ATP levels by enhancing the activity of cytochrome c oxidase. 5-Aminolevulinic acid enhances LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and gene activation, and restores the phagocytic activity and ROS generation capacity of neutrophils. 5-Aminolevulinic acid selectively accumulates protoporphyrin IX in tumor cells; as a photosensitizer and radiosensitizer, it induces ROS burst upon light or X-ray irradiation to inhibit tumor growth. 5-Aminolevulinic acid can be applied to the research of septic shock, melanoma, and cancer radiotherapy.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity : 99.92%
CAS No.: 106-60-5
Formula: C₅H₉NO₃
Molecular Weight:131.13

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

5-Aminolevulinic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 106-60-5

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (21)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocols (8)
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-375	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: ALA	Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 38626642]
A-375	IC₅₀	27.24 μM Compound: ALA	Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition in presence of deferiprone followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition in presence of deferiprone followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs	[PMID: 38626642]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: ALA	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 38626642]
HeLa	IC₅₀	230 μM Compound: 5-ALA	Photosensitization activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay Photosensitization activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31398615]
HeLa	IC₅₀	61.84 μM Compound: ALA	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition in presence of deferiprone followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs b Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition in presence of deferiprone followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs b	[PMID: 38626642]
HL-60	IC₅₀	1570 μM Compound: 5-ALA	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19007111]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: ALA	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 38626642]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1735 μM Compound: 5-ALA	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	[PMID: 19007111]
MCF7	IC₅₀	64.95 μM Compound: ALA	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition in presence of deferiprone followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs b Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 4 hrs under dark condition in presence of deferiprone followed by irradiation with blue light at 2.5 J.cm^-2 energy level for 5 mins and measured after 18 hrs b	[PMID: 38626642]
Oocyte	IC₅₀	12.9 μM Compound: DALA	Antagonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method Antagonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18528996]
U-251	IC₅₀	2665 μM Compound: 5-ALA	Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	[PMID: 19007111]
U-251	IC₅₀	2715 μM Compound: 5-ALA	Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as PpIX release pretreated 72 hrs before 360-410 nm light photosensitization measured after 48 hrs by Hoechst test Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as PpIX release pretreated 72 hrs before 360-410 nm light photosensitization measured after 48 hrs by Hoechst test	[PMID: 19007111]
U-251	IC₅₀	2719 μM Compound: 5-ALA	Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as PpIX release after 72 hrs by Hoechst test Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells assessed as PpIX release after 72 hrs by Hoechst test	[PMID: 19007111]

In Vitro

5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride) (100 μM; 24 h pre-treatment) significantly enhances LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (Il1b, Il6, Tnfa) and mitochondrial (mt-Nd1, Pgc1a) genes in GM-CSF-differentiated bone marrow-derived cells from C57BL/6 mice^[2].
5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride) (0.1-100 μg/mL; 2-24 h) induces time- and concentration-dependent accumulation of porphyrins (predominantly PpIX) in B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells in vitro^[3].
5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride) (1-100 μg/mL; 24 h prior to X-ray irradiation) enhances X-ray-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant increases observed at doses as low as 1 μg/mL under high X-ray exposure^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

In Vivo

5-Aminolevulinic acid (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.; daily administration; for 15 consecutive weeks) increases liver mitochondrial COX activity by 1.5-fold, COX IV protein level by 1.6-fold, and liver ATP level by 1.6-fold in female C57BL/6N mice, without inducing toxicity^[1].
5-Aminolevulinic acid (12 mg per mouse; p.o.; daily administration; for 2 consecutive weeks) fully restores the impaired neutrophil phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production in 5-ALA-deficient Alas1^± mice to wild-type levels^[2].
5-Aminolevulinic acid (50 mg/kg; topical administration) significantly enhances the tumor inhibitory effect in the mouse B16-BL6 melanoma model, with no systemic toxicity observed^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 106-60-5
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 131.13
Formula C₅H₉NO₃
Color White to light yellow
SMILES

O=C(O)CCC(CN)=O
Synonyms

5-ALA; δ-Aminolevulinic acid; 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
- Amino acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (21)

All Cell Imaging/StainingCell Proliferation/Viability AssayFlow CytometryIn Vivo Efficacy Study

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Robust Photodynamic Therapy Using 5-ALA-Incorporated Nanocomplexes Cures Metastatic Melanoma through Priming of CD4+CD8+ Double Positive T Cells. [Abstract]

2019 Jan 20;6(5):1802057. PMID: 30886812

5-Aminolevulinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019 Jan 20;6(5):1802057. [Abstract]

Fluorescence intensity of PpIX produced by various CAH complexes at varying molar ratios of amine to carboxyl in B16 and A375 melanoma cells, was measured in comparison with that of free 5-ALA (8 μg/mL; 12 h).

5-Aminolevulinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019 Jan 20;6(5):1802057. [Abstract]

Inhibitory effects of light does and illumination time on cell viability of B16 cells and A375 cells treated with 5-ALA (8 µg/mL; 48 h) or CAH were evaluated by MTT assay.

5-Aminolevulinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019 Jan 20;6(5):1802057. [Abstract]

CAH specifically induced melanoma cells apoptosis in correlation with elevated intracellular ROS levels. Melanoma cell lines B16 cells and A375 cells were treated with 5-ALA (8 μg/mL; 12 h) or CAH under their optimal PDT conditions. Afterward, the cells were incubated with Annexin V-FITC (green)/PI (red), followed by FACS analysis.

5-Aminolevulinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019 Jan 20;6(5):1802057. [Abstract]

Cellular ROS levels (green) of B16 cells and A375 cells (treated with 5-ALA (8 μg/mL; 12 h) or CAH) were monitored using DCFH-DA assay with a fluorescent microscope.

5-Aminolevulinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019 Jan 20;6(5):1802057. [Abstract]

Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured from the mice skin before and 12 h after topically applied with blank cream, 20% w/w 5-ALA cream, 20% CDG2/HA cream and 20% CAH cream with 5 min of light irradiation.
Cell Death Dis

MeCP2 duplication causes hyperandrogenism by upregulating LHCGR and downregulating RORα. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 25;12(11):999. PMID: 34697294
Pharmacol Res

Dihydroartemisinin overcomes the resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Aug:170:105701. PMID: 34087353
Genome Biol

G-quadruplexes sense natural porphyrin metabolites for regulation of gene transcription and chromatin landscapes. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 15;23(1):259. PMID: 36522639
EMBO Mol Med

A whole-genome scan for Artemisinin cytotoxicity reveals a novel therapy for human brain tumors. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 8;15(3):e16959. PMID: 36740985
Br J Pharmacol

The neuronal ALAS2/5-ala axis mitigates chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity via the BACH1/NRF2 pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;183(11):2695-2719. PMID: 41652971
PLoS Biol

A high-throughput behavioral screening platform for measuring chemotaxis by C. elegans. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 27;22(6):e3002672. PMID: 38935621
Mar Drugs

Xanthocillin X Dimethyl Ether Exhibits Anti-Proliferative Effect on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Depletion of Mitochondrial Heme. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 28;23(4):146. PMID: 40278267
Int J Mol Sci

2026 Jul 7;27(13):6091. PMID: 42450356
Pestic Biochem Physiol

2025 Dec 30;218:106934.
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Dietary 5-aminolevulinic acid induces strain-specific effects on shell color and innate immunity in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) through divergent porphyrin metabolism. [Abstract]

2026 May:172:111209. PMID: 41690531
J Inorg Biochem

Influence of cholesterol on kinetic parameters for human aromatase (P450 19A1) in phospholipid nanodiscs. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:247:112340. PMID: 37544101
Asian J Androl

The addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid to HBSS protects testis grafts during hypothermic transportation: a novel preservation strategy. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;27(4):454-463. PMID: 39589201
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther

Ferroptosis promotes 5-aminolevulinate acid-based photodynamic therapy in cervical cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Aug:54:104726. PMID: 40680910
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther

The efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in inducing cell death in multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes: An in vivo and in vitro study. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:53:104599. PMID: 40258452
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther

In Vitro Modeling of Recurrent Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: Assessment of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. [Abstract]

2024 Jun:47:104093. PMID: 38641030
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther

5-ALA-PDT induced ferroptosis in keloid fibroblasts via ROS, accompanied by downregulation of xCT, GPX4. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:42:103612. PMID: 37220842
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther

Enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of dihydroartemisinin in high-risk human papillomavirus-infected cells by aminolevulinic acid via the Bax/Bcl-2-caspase pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Dec:40:103053. PMID: 35932961
Lasers Med Sci

Study on the mechanism of photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminoketovalerate in human ovarian cancer cell line. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;36(9):1873-1881. PMID: 33392781
bioRxiv

An efficient behavioral screening platform classifies natural products and other chemical cues according to their chemosensory valence in C. elegans. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 3:2023.06.02.542933. PMID: 37333363

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (381.30 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

7.6260 mL

38.1301 mL

76.2602 mL

5 mM

1.5252 mL

7.6260 mL

15.2520 mL

10 mM

0.7626 mL

3.8130 mL

7.6260 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.07 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.07 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.07 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
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g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocols

All Cell Biology Animals and Diseases Signal Pathway Related Molecular Biology

Phagocytosis Functional Assay
A phagocytosis functional assay measures the ability of phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, or microglia/macrophages, to bind and internalize particulate targets including bacteria, yeast particles, beads, or myelin particles. Fluorescent flow-cytometry assays detect target uptake as fluorescence associated with gated phagocytes, while pH-sensitive dyes such as pHrodo increase signal in acidic phagosomal compartments and therefore preferentially report internalized particles rather than particles remaining outside the cell. Microscopy or high-content imaging can be used to confirm intracellular localization and, in some protocols, to follow uptake kinetics.
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX)
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are generated by engrafting primary human tumor tissue directly into immunodeficient mice, allowing in vivo propagation of patient tumor biology without initial in vitro adaptation. These models are used to preserve key histopathological and molecular characteristics of the original tumor and enable assessment of tumor growth dynamics and therapeutic response in a living organism. The biological readout is tumor engraftment and subsequent growth in the murine host, which reflects the ability of human tumor cells to survive, vascularize, and expand in an immunocompromised microenvironment.
Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX)
Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) modeling implants fresh patient tumor tissue or patient-derived tumor cells into the anatomically corresponding organ or tissue site of immunodeficient mice, usually by surgical orthotopic implantation, to preserve patient tumor histology, local microenvironmental context, invasion, metastatic behavior, and treatment-response features better than subcutaneous implantation. PDOX readouts include tumor engraftment, orthotopic tumor growth, local invasion, metastasis, recurrence after resection, histologic similarity to the donor tumor, biomarker retention, molecular concordance, survival, and response or resistance to therapy. PDOX models are used for preclinical drug testing and individualized therapy evaluation, but engraftment success varies by tumor type and specimen quality.
Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
CRISPRi/CRISPRa gene-regulation editing
CRISPRi and CRISPRa use catalytically inactive Cas9, typically SpCas9 D10A/H840A, as an RNA-guided DNA-binding platform that targets genomic loci through sgRNA complementarity and an adjacent PAM without generating Cas9 nuclease-mediated DNA cleavage. CRISPRi represses transcription by recruiting dCas9 alone or dCas9 fused to repressor domains such as KRAB to promoters or transcription start site regions, while CRISPRa activates transcription by recruiting activation domains such as VP64, VPR, or SAM components to promoter-proximal regions. The primary readout is target-gene expression change, commonly measured by RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, reporter fluorescence, or protein-level assays, and the readout reflects transcriptional repression or activation at the targeted endogenous locus.
Subcutaneous Cell-Line-Derived Xenograft
Subcutaneous cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models are established by implanting cultured human cancer cell lines into immunodeficient mice, where the injected cells form localized tumors that can be monitored in vivo as a measure of tumorigenic potential, growth kinetics, and treatment response. These models are widely used in oncology research because they allow reproducible tumor formation and enable comparative assessment of tumor growth between different cell lines or genetic manipulations in a controlled in vivo microenvironment. Subcutaneous implantation of cancer cells in immunodeficient mice is a standard approach for evaluating tumor growth behavior and therapeutic response across multiple cancer types, including prostate, esophageal, pancreatic, and colon cancer models.
Orthotopic Cell-Line Xenograft
Orthotopic cell-line xenograft models involve implantation of human cancer cell lines into the anatomically corresponding organ of immunodeficient mice to reproduce tumor growth within a native microenvironment, enabling more clinically relevant tumor behavior compared with subcutaneous models. These models are widely used because orthotopic placement better recapitulates tumor progression, including invasion and metastatic spread, which are often underrepresented in heterotopic implantation systems. Compared with conventional xenografts, orthotopic implantation is described as more technically complex but provides improved simulation of tumor-microenvironment interactions and metastatic behavior, making it particularly valuable for translational oncology research. Surgical orthotopic implantation approaches have been emphasized as enabling faithful reproduction of clinical cancer features, including metastasis and disease progression patterns that align with the tumor’s organ of origi

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Ogura S, et al. The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on cytochrome c oxidase activity in mouse liver. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:66. Published 2011 Mar 17. [Content Brief]

[2]. Saitoh S, et al. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Plays an Important Role in the Function of Innate Immune Cells. Inflammation. 2025;48(4):2588-2599. [Content Brief]

[3]. Takahashi J, et al. 5-Aminolevulinic acid enhances cancer radiotherapy in a mouse tumor model. Springerplus. 2013;2:602. Published 2013 Nov 12. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	7.6260 mL	38.1301 mL	76.2602 mL	190.6505 mL
	5 mM	1.5252 mL	7.6260 mL	15.2520 mL	38.1301 mL
	10 mM	0.7626 mL	3.8130 mL	7.6260 mL	19.0650 mL
	15 mM	0.5084 mL	2.5420 mL	5.0840 mL	12.7100 mL
	20 mM	0.3813 mL	1.9065 mL	3.8130 mL	9.5325 mL
	25 mM	0.3050 mL	1.5252 mL	3.0504 mL	7.6260 mL
	30 mM	0.2542 mL	1.2710 mL	2.5420 mL	6.3550 mL
	40 mM	0.1907 mL	0.9533 mL	1.9065 mL	4.7663 mL
	50 mM	0.1525 mL	0.7626 mL	1.5252 mL	3.8130 mL
	60 mM	0.1271 mL	0.6355 mL	1.2710 mL	3.1775 mL
	80 mM	0.0953 mL	0.4766 mL	0.9533 mL	2.3831 mL
	100 mM	0.0763 mL	0.3813 mL	0.7626 mL	1.9065 mL

Bioz

Keywords

5-Aminolevulinic acid

21 Cited Publications

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5-Aminolevulinic acid

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 5-Aminolevulinic acid