Bardoxolone methyl  (Synonyms: RTA 402; NSC 713200; CDDO Methyl ester)

Bardoxolone (CDDO; RTA 401) methyl is an orally active and blood-brain-barrier-penetrant activator of Nrf2 and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. Bardoxolone methyl inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells with an EC₅₀ value of 0.29 μM. Bardoxolone methyl increases levels of pNrf2 and HO-1, inhibits inflammatory mediators like pNFκB and MCP-1. Bardoxolone methyl activates the Nrf2 pathway to enhance antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, inhibits viral replication, and improves mitochondrial function. Bardoxolone methyl can be used in research on chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP), COVID-19, and chronic kidney disease (CKD)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Nrf2^[1]

Bardoxolone methyl (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly decreases in levels of renal KIM-1, NGAL, TNF-α, TOS, OSI and improves deterioration in glomeruli and tubules similarly to NAC (HY-B0215) in rat kidney homogenates^[3].
Bardoxolone methyl (0.3 and 1 μM, 28 h) decreases PAC-induced mitochondrial damage in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cell lines and increases pNRf2 intensity in the PAC-treated DRG cells^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Bardoxolone methyl (30 mg/kg, p.o.) decreases renal expression of megalin but not cubilin, increases creatinine clearance and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios, and induces Nrf2 cytoprotective targets in cynomolgus monkeys^[1].
Bardoxolone methyl induces overall favorable effects on the heart via its improvement in eGFR in both animal models and clinical trials^[2].
Bardoxolone methyl(5, 10 mg/kg) decreased the percentage of caspase-3 immunopositive cells in a dose-dependent manner in rat kidney ^[3].
Bardoxolone methyl (0-10 mg/kg, i.p., a single dose) results in analgesia but not sedation in rats^[4].
Bardoxolone methyl [10 mg/kg, twice-daily on day 21 after the first PAC (HY-B0015) injection] decreases PAC-induced levels of pNFκB and MCP-1 by increasing pNRf2 and HO-1 in rat DRG^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

505.69

C₃₂H₄₃NO₄

218600-53-4

Solid

White to yellow

O=C1C(C#N)=C[C@@]2(C)[C@](CC[C@]([C@@]3(C)[C@@]4([H])[C@@]5([H])[C@@](CCC(C)(C)C5)(C(OC)=O)CC3)(C)C2=CC4=O)([H])C1(C)C

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

• [1]. Reisman SA, et al. Bardoxolone Methyl Decreases Megalin and Activates Nrf2 in the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Aug 2.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. McCullough PA, et al. Cardiac and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes who have chronic kidney disease: potential effects of bardoxolone methyl. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2012;6:141-9.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Yasemin Teksen, et al. Bardoxolone methyl attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis[J]. 2024 May 29;31(5):372–379

  [4]. Kim HK, et al. Bardoxolone Methyl Ameliorates Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Activation of Phosphorylated Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Dorsal Root Ganglia. Anesth Analg. 2024 Mar 1;138(3):664-675.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Sun Q, et al. Bardoxolone and bardoxolone methyl, two Nrf2 activators in clinical trials, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and its 3C-like protease. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 May 29;6(1):212.  [Content Brief]