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  4. Levulinic acid

Levulinic acid  (Synonyms: 4-Oxovaleric acid; NSC 3716)

Art. -Nr.: HY-Y0839 Reinheit: 99.95%
COA
SDS
Handling Instructions Technical Support

Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate. Levulinic acid is also a 5-keto-pentanoic acid. Levulinic acid can be utilized by the cells as a cosubstrate for biopolymer synthesis. Levulinic acid can be used in antibacterial research.

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Levulinic acid

Levulinic acid Chemische Struktur

CAS. Nr. : 123-76-2

Größe Preis Verfügbarkeit Menge
Solid or liquid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO Auf Lager
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Other Forms of Levulinic acid:

Levulinic acid Related Antibodies

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

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  • Reinheit & Dokumentation

  • Verweise

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Beschreibung

Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate. Levulinic acid is also a 5-keto-pentanoic acid. Levulinic acid can be utilized by the cells as a cosubstrate for biopolymer synthesis. Levulinic acid can be used in antibacterial research[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Levulinic acid (3% v/v) combined with low-concentration acidic electrolyzed water exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal effects (aerobic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, E. coli and L. innocua) on fresh organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var. Crispa L.) by destroying cell membrane permeability and morphology[2].
Levulinic acid (0.5 g/L, 24 h) shows obvious enhancement of Alcatigenes sp. SH-69 cells growth and PHA accumulation[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Levulinic acid Related Antibodies
Klinische Studie
Molekulargewicht

116.12

Formel

C5H8O3
CAS. Nr.
Appearance

<30°C Solid,>33°C Liquid

Color

Colorless to off-white

SMILES

CC(CCC(O)=O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Speicherung

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (861.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 8.6118 mL 43.0589 mL 86.1178 mL
5 mM 1.7224 mL 8.6118 mL 17.2236 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

  • Molaritätsrechner

  • Verdünnungsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Reinheit & Dokumentation

Purity: 99.95%

SDS (554 KB)

COA (244 KB) HNMR (127 KB) GC (226 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 8.6118 mL 43.0589 mL 86.1178 mL 215.2945 mL
5 mM 1.7224 mL 8.6118 mL 17.2236 mL 43.0589 mL
10 mM 0.8612 mL 4.3059 mL 8.6118 mL 21.5295 mL
15 mM 0.5741 mL 2.8706 mL 5.7412 mL 14.3530 mL
20 mM 0.4306 mL 2.1529 mL 4.3059 mL 10.7647 mL
25 mM 0.3445 mL 1.7224 mL 3.4447 mL 8.6118 mL
30 mM 0.2871 mL 1.4353 mL 2.8706 mL 7.1765 mL
40 mM 0.2153 mL 1.0765 mL 2.1529 mL 5.3824 mL
50 mM 0.1722 mL 0.8612 mL 1.7224 mL 4.3059 mL
60 mM 0.1435 mL 0.7176 mL 1.4353 mL 3.5882 mL
80 mM 0.1076 mL 0.5382 mL 1.0765 mL 2.6912 mL
100 mM 0.0861 mL 0.4306 mL 0.8612 mL 2.1529 mL
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Levulinic acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Levulinic acid123-76-24-Oxovaleric acid NSC 3716NSC3716NSC 3716NSC-3716Environmental PollutantsBacterialEndogenous MetaboliteEnvironmental ContaminantsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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