2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6972R
    Cepharanthine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cepharanthine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cepharanthine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania?cephalantha?Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46?μM. Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model. Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
    Cepharanthine (Standard)
  • HY-12564
    Phthalazinone pyrazole
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Phthalazinone pyrazole is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of Aurora-A kinase with an IC50 of 0.031 μM. Phthalazinone pyrazole can arrests mitosis and subsequently inhibit tumor growth via apoptosis of proliferating cells. Phthalazinone pyrazole suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from human embryonic stem cells.
    Phthalazinone pyrazole
  • HY-155362
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-56
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-56 (compound 8l), an indazole derivative, is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor through interacting with the colchicine site, resulting in cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis. polymerization-IN-56 reduces cell migration and leads to more potent inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-56
  • HY-N1342
    Rocaglaol
    		Activator
    Rocaglaol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in LNCaP cells.
    Rocaglaol
  • HY-130950
    Thalidomide-O-C4-COOH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-O-C4-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-C4-COOH
  • HY-147868
    DC-CPin711
    		Inducer 99.09%
    DC-CPin711 is a potent and selective inhibitor of CREB-binding protein (CBP) bromodomain with an IC50 of 0.0626 μM. DC-CPin711 arrests cell cycle at G1 phase and induces apoptosis.
    DC-CPin711
  • HY-N4171
    Dihydrocucurbitacin B
    		Inducer
    Dihydrocucurbitacin B, a triterpene isolated from Cayaponia tayuya roots, inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), induces cell cycle arrested in the G0 phase, and inhibits delayed type hypersensitivity.
    Dihydrocucurbitacin B
  • HY-175208
    MST3-IN-1
    		Inducer
    MST3-IN-1 is a selective and orally active MST3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 122.4 nM. MST3-IN-1 shows antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell. MST3-IN-1 effectively induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and halts the cell cycle at the G2/M transition. MST3-IN-1 significantly suppressed tumor growth in HepG2 xenograft mice. MST3-IN-1 can be used for the study of liver cancer.
    MST3-IN-1
  • HY-116927
    KW-7158
    		Inducer
    KW-7158 is a putative afferent nerve inhibitor that can depress vesica-vascular reflexes in rats. KW-7158 is an inhibitor of nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and acts as an antagonist for overactive bladder (OAB).
    KW-7158
  • HY-116852
    Thiocolchicine
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Thiocolchicine, a derivative modified in the C Ring of Colchicine (HY-16569) with enhanced biological properties. Thiocolchicine is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50=2.5 µM) and competitively binds to tubulin with a Ki of 0.7 µM. Thiocolchicine induces cell apoptosis. Thiocolchicine can be used as an ADC cytotoxin in ADC technology.
    Thiocolchicine
  • HY-N0006S1
    Demethoxycurcumin-d4
    		98.89%
    Demethoxycurcumin-d4 is the deuterium labeled Demethoxycurcumin. Demethoxycurcumin (Curcumin II) is a major active curcuminoid; possess anti-inflammatory properties.
    Demethoxycurcumin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-110242
    Mps-BAY2a
    		Inducer 99.30%
    Mps-BAY2a is a monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM against human MPS1. Mps-BAY2a induces mitotic aberrations and apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Mps-BAY2a
  • HY-N0527R
    Pentagalloylglucose (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Pentagalloylglucose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pentagalloylglucose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is an orally active gallic tannin compound and an inducer of apoptosis and autophagy. Pentagalloglucose induces cell apoptosis and autophagy through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Pentagalloylglucose inhibits UBE2T-mediated p53 ubiquitination, upregulates p53, downregulates RRM1/RRM2 in pancreatic cancer organoids. Pentagalloglucose has antioxidant, anti mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardioprotective, anti allergic, cholesterol lowering, and anti-tumor activities.
    Pentagalloylglucose (Standard)
  • HY-19754A
    CRA-026440 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.12%
    CRA-026440 hydrochloride is a potent, broad-spectrum HDAC (HDAC) inhibitor. The Ki values against recombinant HDAC isoenzymes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 are 4 nM, 14 nM, 11 nM, 15 nM, 7 nM, and 20 nM respectively. CRA-026440 hydrochloride shows antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. CRA-026440 (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    CRA-026440 hydrochloride
  • HY-157800
    Trilexium
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Trilexium (TRX-E-009-1) is a third-generation of benzopyran structurally related to TRX-E-002-1 (HY-114250). Trilexium increases p21 protein expression and induces apoptosis. Trilexium depolymerizes microtubules. Trilexium shows broad anti-cancer activity.
    Trilexium
  • HY-122315
    Oncrasin-60
    		Inducer 99.79%
    Oncrasin-60 (NSC-741909) is a compound with antitumor activity that is active against multiple cancer cell lines in vitro and can induce tumor regression in vivo, with its mechanism involving JNK activation and STAT3 inhibition.
    Oncrasin-60
  • HY-W015061S
    N-(Phenylacetyl-d5)glycine
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    N-(Phenylacetyl-d5)glycine is the deuterium labeled Phenylacetylglycine. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
    N-(Phenylacetyl-d<sub>5</sub>)glycine
  • HY-N10449
    Resistomycin
    		99.9%
    Resistomycin, a pentacyclic polyketide antibiotic, possesses anticancer activity and induces apoptosis.
    Resistomycin
  • HY-149559
    Thalidomide-5-O-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Thalidomide-5-O-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide (HY-10984)-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein.Thalidomide-5-O-C2-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-O-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-42771
    Thalidomide-4-O-CH2-COO(t-Bu)
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Thalidomide-4-O-CH2-COO(t-Bu) is t-Bu modified Thalidomide (HY-14658), which is the final step intermediate in the synthesis of Thalidomide-4-OH (HY-123096). Thalidomide-4-O-CH2-COO(t-Bu) acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN proteins. The t-Bu protecting group at the end of Thalidomide-4-O-CH2-COO(t-Bu) can be removed under acidic conditions to participate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules. Thalidomide-4-O-CH2-COO(t-Bu) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of CRBN-based designed PROTAC molecules.
    Thalidomide-4-O-CH2-COO(t-Bu)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity