2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-168920
    NSD-IN-4
    		Activator
    NSD-IN-4 (Compound A8) is a potent and an orally active NSD3 inhibitor. NSD-IN-4 induces Apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. NSD-IN-4 exhibits significant antitumor effects against lung squamous carcinoma.
    NSD-IN-4
  • HY-101478A
    Fenobam hydrate
    		Inducer
    Fenobam hydrate is a selective and orally active mGluR5 antagonist (IC50=84 nM) that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Fenobam hydrate shows the Kd values of 54 nM and 31 nM on rat and human recombinant mGlu5 receptors, respectively. Fenobam hydrate has anxiolytic activity, inhibits self-administration behavior in rat, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Fenobam hydrate can be used for research on neurological diseases, cancer and drug addiction.
    Fenobam hydrate
  • HY-N4119R
    Neoeriocitrin (Standard)
    Neoeriocitrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Neoeriocitrin (HY-N4119). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Neoeriocitrin is a Naringin (HY-N0153) analogue found in Drynaria Rhizome. Neoeriocitrin induces cells proliferation, differentiation, up-regulates type I collagen, osteocalcin, and key osteogenic markers, and increases ALP activity. Neoeriocitrin increases expression of Runx2, COL I, OCN and Beclin1. Neoeriocitrin inhibits phosphorylation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, reduces acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and increases choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. Neoeriocitrin reduces apoptosis and induces autophagy. Neoeriocitrin can be used for the researches of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease.
    Neoeriocitrin (Standard)
  • HY-P2228
    Chlamydocin (purity≥70%)
    		Inducer
    Chlamydocin (purity≥70%), a fungal metabolite, is a highly potent HDAC inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.3 nM. Chlamydocin (purity≥70%) exhibits potent antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Chlamydocin (purity≥70%) induces apoptosis by activating caspase-3.
    Chlamydocin (purity≥70%)
  • HY-158368
    PRDX1-IN-2
    		Inducer
    PRDX1-IN-2 (compound 15) is a selective inhibitor of the antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) (IC50=0.35 μM). PRDX1-IN-2 decreases the mitochondria membrane potential of SW620 cells, probably due to ROS induced by PRDX1 inhibition, leading to cell apoptosis. PRDX1-IN-2 can be used for colorectal cancer research.
    PRDX1-IN-2
  • HY-137371R
    Lactonic sophorolipid (Standard)
    		Activator
    Lovastatin hydroxy acid (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lovastatin hydroxy acid (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lovastatin hydroxy acid sodium (Mevinolinic acid sodium) is a highly potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.6 nM.
    Lactonic sophorolipid (Standard)
  • HY-129236
    Hellebrin
    		Activator
    Hellebrin is a bufadienolide compound extracted from plants that can inhibit tumor cell growth. Hellebrigenin shows potential in overcoming cancer cells' resistance to apoptosis stimuli and has also demonstrated anti-proliferation effects in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell models. Hellebrin can act on Na+/K+-ATPase to regulate intracellular signaling pathways.
    Hellebrin
  • HY-149965
    TRK-IN-23
    		Inducer
    TRK-IN-23 (compound 24b) is a potent and orally active TRK inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 9 nM, 14 nM, 4.4 nM, and 4.8 nM against TRKA, TRKC, TRKAG595R, TRKAF589L, and TRKAG667C, respectively. TRK-IN-23 indues apoptosis of Ba/F3-TRKAG595Rand Ba/F3-TRKAG667C cells.
    TRK-IN-23
  • HY-182380
    ODZ10117
    		Inducer
    ODZ10117 is a STAT3 and NLRP3 inhibitor with a human STAT3 SH2 domain IC50 of 7.5 μM. ODZ10117 binds to the STAT3 SH2 domain, suppressing tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity. ODZ10117 binds to NLRP3, impairs NEK7 interaction, prevents inflammasome formation, and inhibits caspase-1 and IL-1β cleavage.ODZ10117 reduces MSU (HY-B2130A)-induced IL-1β release, lowers LPS (HY-D1056)-induced sepsis mortality, and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. ODZ10117 induces apoptosis, suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion, reduces tumor growth and lung metastasis, and extends survival in breast cancer models. ODZ10117 can be used for the research of Monosodium urate (HY-B2130A)-induced peritonitis, LPS-induced sepsis, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and Alzheimer's disease.
    ODZ10117
  • HY-170577
    PKM2-IN-8
    		Inducer
    PKM2-IN-8 (Compound 9b) is a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.31 μM). PKM2-IN-8 has potent antiproliferative activity against U87MG glioma cells. PKM2-IN-8 can induce early apoptosis and reduce lactate levels. PKM2-IN-8 can be used for the research of glioblastoma.
    PKM2-IN-8
  • HY-Y0265R
    Isatin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM). Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity. Shows effect on the serotonergic system.
    Isatin (Standard)
  • HY-112549
    5-oxo-ETE
    		Inhibitor
    5-oxo-ETE is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils. 5-oxo-ETE inhibits selenium-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. 5-oxo-ETE can be used in research into asthma, allergic diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
    5-oxo-ETE
  • HY-N17816
    Tambulin
    		Inducer
    Tambulin is an orally active flavonol compound found in Zanthoxylum armatum. Tambulin can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and inhibit ROS production. Tambulin upregulates cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and Bax, downregulates Bcl-2 levels. Tambulin can stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and induce endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. Tambulin binds to succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) (Ki = 11.02 μM) and shows significant ferric reducing power. Tambulin can enhances oxidative stress resistance, reduces, lipofuscin deposits, lipid levels, α-synuclein levels, improves locomotary behavior, and dopamine levels in in age-synchronized L1 hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans models of ageing and Parkinson's disease. Tambulin can be used for the researches of Parkinson's disease, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and diabetes.
    Tambulin
  • HY-161468
    Thalidomide-N-C3-O-C4-O-C3-OH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-N-C3-O-C4-O-C3-OH is a conjugate of E3 ligase and linker for the synthesis of Aster-A PROTAC degrader (HY-D2336).
    Thalidomide-N-C3-O-C4-O-C3-OH
  • HY-170932
    EGFR/COX-2-IN-1
    		Inducer
    EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 is an EGFR/COX-2 inhibitor. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 0.12, 0.076, 20.1 and 1.52 μM respectively. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits and with IC50s of , respectively. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits MCF-7, HT-29 and A-549 with IC50s of 1.20, 5.14 and 14.81 μM, respectively. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 displays Apoptosis induction by up-regulating Bax and down-regulating Bcl-2 protein levels. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 results in a significant increase in the percentage of cells at the G2/M in MFC-7 cells. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 exhibits broad-spectrum antitumor effects.
    EGFR/COX-2-IN-1
  • HY-178021
    HDAC1-IN-11
    		Inducer
    HDAC1-IN-11 (Compound 6) is a HDAC1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 106.6  nM. HDAC1-IN-11 inhibits the expression of Sp1 and RAD51, thereby inducing Caspase-dependent apoptosis. HDAC1-IN-11 has antitumor activity and sensitizes Etoposide (HY-13629) and Gemcitabine (HY-17026), promoting synergistic death of NSCLC cells through the inhibition of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways involved in DNA DSB repair. HDAC1-IN-11 can be used for chemotherapy of cancers like NSCLC research.
    HDAC1-IN-11
  • HY-161991
    Caspase-3 activator 4
    		Inducer
    Caspase-3 activator 4 (compound 4o) is a potent and cross the blood-brain barrier caspase-3 activator. Caspase-3 activator 4 shows antiproliferative activity. Caspase-3 activator 4 induces apoptosis. Caspase-3 activator 4 increases the gene expression of TNF-α. Caspase-3 activator 4 decreases the protein expression of cleaved caspases 3/caspases 3.
    Caspase-3 activator 4
  • HY-152195
    ChoKα inhibitor-5
    		Inducer
    ChoKα inhibitor-5 is a sulphur-containing choline kinase inhibitor. ChoKα inhibitor-5 can inhibit HChoK α1 with an IC50 value of 0.64 μM. ChoKα inhibitor-5 also can induce apoptosis. ChoKα inhibitor-5 can be used for the research of cancer.
    ChoKα inhibitor-5
  • HY-118160
    PPM-18
    		Inducer 99.17%
    PPM-18 (NSC 73233) is a Vitamin K (HY-B2172) analog. PPM-18 prevents LPS-induced IκBα degradation, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. PPM-18 inhibits LPS-induced nitrite production and iNOS expression. PPM-18 inhibits HDAC6. PPM-18 induces ROS accumulation, activates AMPK, inhibits the mTORC1 and PI3K/AKT pathways, initiates Autophagy, and induces Apoptosis. PPM-18 suppresses seizures in zebrafish and mouse epilepsy models. PPM-18 prevents LPS-induced lethal toxicity and delayed hypotension. PPM-18 exhibits anticancer activity against leukemia and bladder cancer. PPM-18 can be used in research related to septic shock, bladder cancer and atherosclerosis.
    PPM-18
  • HY-171683
    Anti-CCL2 (Carlumab)-VcMMAE
    		Inducer
    Anti-CCL2 (Carlumab)-VcMMAE is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the humanized anti-CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) antibody Carlumab (HY-P99188) conjugated with valine-citrulline (vc) and the tubulin inhibitor MMAE (HY-15162). The ADC toxic molecule and linker part are McMMAE (HY-15575). Anti-CCL2 (Carlumab)-VcMMAE induces apoptosis and can be used in cancer research.
    Anti-CCL2 (Carlumab)-VcMMAE
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity