2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W011142
    2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium
    		99.97%
    2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP) disodium is a deoxynucleotide that is reductively methylated to dTMP (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate) by bisubstrate enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). dTMP is a nucleotide required for DNA synthesis.
    2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium
  • HY-W040307B
    Saccharopine hydrochloride
    		99.84%
    Saccharopine (L-Saccharopine) hydrochloride, a lysine degradation intermediate, is a mitochondrial toxin. Lysine and α-ketoglutarate are converted into Saccharopine hydrochloride by the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. Saccharopine hydrochloride is then oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by the saccharopine dehydrogenase. Saccharopine hydrochloride impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis.
    Saccharopine hydrochloride
  • HY-N0060B
    (E)-Ferulic acid
    		99.82%
    (E)-Ferulic acid is an isomer of ferulic acid, an aromatic compound abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes phosphorylation of β-catenin (β-catenin), leading to proteasome degradation, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and reducing pro-apoptotic factor Expression of the survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid can effectively remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts antiproliferative and antimigratory effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299.
    (E)-Ferulic acid
  • HY-Y0337S
    L-Cysteine-13C3,15N
    		99.9%
    L-Cysteine-13C3,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.
    L-Cysteine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-Y0892
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol
    		99.98%
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a phenolic compound widely distributed in various kinds of plants. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive activity. Neuroprotective effect. Inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and growth.
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol
  • HY-109590S
    Arachidonic acid-d8
    		99.46%
    Arachidonic acid-d8 is the deuterium labeled Arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.
    Arachidonic acid-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-Y0068
    N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine
    		99.98%
    N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine (N-Acetylphenylalanine) is a principal acylamino acid. N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine can be synthesized from L-phenylalanine and acetyl-CoA. N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine can be used in kidney research.
    N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine
  • HY-N0171R
    Beta-Sitosterol (Standard)
    Beta-Sitosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Beta-Sitosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Beta-Sitosterol (purity≥80%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc.
    Beta-Sitosterol (Standard)
  • HY-P2804
    GAPDH, rabbit muscle
    Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) is the target of anti-thymocyte and anti-apoptotic agents. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the chain oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by perhydroxyl radicals.
    GAPDH, rabbit muscle
  • HY-B2130S1
    Uric acid-15N2
    		99.95%
    Uric acid-15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-B1500
    2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
    		99.53%
    2,2,2-Trichloroethanol, the active form of Chloral hydrate, is an agonist for the nonclassical K2P channels TREK-1 (KCNK2) and TRAAK (KCNK4).
    2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
  • HY-W015883A
    Fumaric acid disodium
    		98.0%
    Fumaric acid disodium is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid disodium exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid disodium can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
    Fumaric acid disodium
  • HY-B0157A
    Ketotifen fumarate
    		99.88%
    Ketotifen (HC 20-511) fumarate is an orally active second-generation noncompetitive histamine 1 (H1) receptor blocker and mast cell stabilizer. Ketotifen fumarate can block 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in vitro. Ketotifen fumarate also has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza virus. Ketotifen fumarate can be used to the research of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and asthma attack prevention.
    Ketotifen fumarate
  • HY-B2233
    Phosphorylcholine chloride
    		99.95%
    Phosphorylcholine chloride (Phosphocholine chloride) is the main phospholipid component in eukaryotic biofilms. Phosphorylcholine chloride exists in commensal or pathogenic bacteria associated with eukaryotes in prokaryotes. Phosphorylcholine chloride exhibits a surprising range of immunomodulatory properties.
    Phosphorylcholine chloride
  • HY-113371
    2-Methylcitric acid
    		99.87%
    2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate.
    2-Methylcitric acid
  • HY-W006057A
    Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
    		99.95%
    Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate is a precursor of pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli.
    Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
  • HY-113413
    Imidazoleacetic acid
    		99.80%
    Imidazoleacetic acid (Imidazolyl-4-acetic acid) is a blood-brain barrier-permeable full agonist of the GABAA receptor. Imidazoleacetic acid forms via histamine oxidation in the mouse brain. Imidazoleacetic acid exerts multiple neurochemical and behavioral effects. Imidazoleacetic acid induces a range of centrally mediated effects, including analgesia, sedation, hypnosis, as well as reductions in blood pressure, body temperature, isolation-induced aggression and motor activity.
    Imidazoleacetic acid
  • HY-B1204S
    Histamine-α,α,β,β-d4 dihydrochloride
    		99.71%
    Histamine-α,α,β,β-d4 (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Histamine. Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
    Histamine-α,α,β,β-d<sub>4</sub> dihydrochloride
  • HY-B0941
    6-Benzylaminopurine
    		99.97%
    6-Benzylaminopurine (Benzyladenine) is a cytokinin that causes plant growth and development by stimulating cell division and inhibiting respiratory kinases, thereby prolonging the preservation of green vegetables.
    6-Benzylaminopurine
  • HY-P2994
    3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
    3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3-HBDH), a mitochondrial enzyme, is a key enzyme in the ketone body metabolism pathway. 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is the last enzyme for ketone synthesis in the liver and the first enzyme for ketone breakdown in extracellular tissues. The absence of 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase leads to the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the liver during fasting in mice, resulting in lipid accumulation and the development of fatty liver.
    3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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