Endogenous Metabolite

Related Products

Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8487)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-112624C

Dextran (MW 40000)
Dextran (MW 40000) is a complex carbohydrate polymer consisting of glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds. Dextran has excellent solubility in water, making it useful as a viscosity modifier or stabilizer in foods, paints and adhesives. In the biomedical field, dextran is often used as a plasma expander because of its ability to increase blood volume when administered intravenously. It can also be modified to create dextran-based drug delivery systems, such as targeted nanoparticles.

HY-W016823

Tyramine hydrochloride		99.82%
Tyramine hydrochloride is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine hydrochloride occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods.

HY-108353

Isoprenaline		98.93%
Isoprenaline is a non-selective, orally active β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Isoprenaline has potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities. Isoprenaline can be used for the research of bradycardia and bronchial asthma.

HY-B1899A

Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate		99.75%
Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate (Sodium taurodeoxycholate monohydrate), a bile acid, is an amphiphilic surfactant molecule synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate activates the S1PR2 pathway in addition to the TGR5 pathway.

HY-Y0624

4-Pentenoic acid		99.93%
4-Pentenoic acid is a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid. 4-Pentenoic acid has hypoglycemic and fatty acid oxidation inhibitory activities. 4-Pentenoic acid can affect blood glucose metabolism and energy metabolism through mechanisms such as inhibiting long-chain fatty acid oxidation, reducing gluconeogenesis, and promoting glucose utilization.

HY-W014375

DL-Arginine hydrochloride		98.0%
DL-Arginine ((±)-Arginine) hydrochloride is the racemic compound of L-Arginine (HY-N0455) and D-Arginine (HY-W016781). Arginine is an essential amino acid that requires additional supplementation in traumatic or diseased conditions. Arginine is involved in T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and affects the function of immune cells.

HY-B0075S1

Melatonin-d₃		99.15%
Melatonin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

HY-P2879

Cholesterol esterase, Pseudomonas
Cholesterol esterase, Pseudomonas is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cholesterol ester to cholesterol and free fatty acid in the intestinal lumen. Cholesterol synthesized in the acinar cells and is stored in zymogen granules. Cholesterol esterase is also known as bile salt-stimulated lipase and carboxy ester lipasea, acts function for acceleration of cholesterol absorption.

HY-B1295

Lithium citrate tetrahydrate		98.0%
Lithium citrate (Litarex) tetrahydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Lithium citrate tetrahydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Lithium citrate tetrahydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Lithium citrate tetrahydrate is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.

HY-N11200

3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine		99.40%
3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine is a carnitine derivative. 3-Hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine in plasma may serve as a novel biomarker of biotin deficiency in humans, with its concentration increasing with biotin deficiency. Biotin deficiency reduces the activity of biotin-dependent 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, hinders the conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, and impairs the leucine catabolism pathway; resulting in plasma 3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine concentrations rise.

HY-W145665

Amylose
Amylose is not a typical small-molecule ligand with a specific traditional receptor-binding target. It is a polysaccharide. In food science and biological systems, amylose can interact with proteins and free fatty acids through non-covalent forces like hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions. For example, it can form a ternary complex with them, which is related to the structure and digestion of starch. It is widely studied in the fields of food science, carbohydrate metabolism, and is also relevant in research on controlling glycemic responses, as it affects starch digestion rate.

HY-N0523R

Gallic acid (Standard)
Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.

HY-B1247R

Protoporphyrin IX (Standard)
Protoporphyrin IX (Standard) is the analytical standard of Protoporphyrin IX. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Protoporphyrin IX is a final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which acts as a radiation sensitizer enhancing ROS generation even in a hypoxic state and inducing DNA damage. Protoporphyrin IX also acts as a photo sensitizer undergoing photobleaching that occurs through direct degradation by light irradiation. Protoporphyrin IX is formed and accumulated following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (HY-W000450) administration in the tumor cells of rats. Protoporphyrin IX causes selective improvement of basal cell carcinoma when activated red fluorescence of a peak wavelength at 405 nm. Protoporphyrin IX is promising for research of sonodynamic and photodynamic agents for a wide range of cancers, such as bladder cancer and nodular basal cell carcinoma.

HY-B0586R

Methylcobalamin (Standard)
Methylcobalamin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylcobalamin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylcobalamin (CH3-B12), a cobalamin, is a form of vitamin B12.

HY-B0229

Zolmitriptan		99.98%
Zolmitriptan (BW-311C90; 311C90) is a 5-HT1B/1D receptor partial agonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier, with K_is of 5.01 nM, 0.63 nM, and 63.09 nM for 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1F receptor, respectively. Zolmitriptan can be used for the research of migraine.

HY-B2219S4

Stearic acid-d₃₅		99.88%
Stearic Acid-d₃₅ is the deuterium labeled Stearic acid. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

HY-D0844R

Glutathione oxidized (Standard)
Glutathione oxidized (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glutathione oxidized. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes.

HY-P2657

Verucopeptin
Verucopeptin is a potent HIF-1 (IC50=0.22 μM) inhibitor and decreases the expression of HIF-1 target genes and HIF-1α protein levels. Verucopeptin strongly inhibits v-ATPase activity by directly targeting the v-ATPase ATP6V1G subunit but not ATP1V1B2 or ATP6V1D. Verucopeptin exhibits antitumor activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) cancers and can be used for cancer research.

HY-N0324S1

Cholic acid-d₅		99.80%
Cholic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Cholic acid. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

HY-113306

1-Methyladenine		99.99%
1-Methyladenine is a gonad maturation-promoting regulator. 1-Methyladenine is produced in testes and ovarian follicle cells of starfish under the induction of gonad-stimulating substance (GSS). 1-Methyladenine promotes starfish oocyte maturation and spawning, and modifies bases that regulate DNA structure. 1-Methyladenine converts T-A base pairs in double-stranded DNA into non-disruptive T (anti)m1A (syn) Hoogsteen conformation. If this conformational base is not repaired in a timely manner, 1-Methyladenine transforms into cytotoxic DNA damage and blocks the replication process.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8487)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8487):