2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-135869
    Mito-apocynin (C11)
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Mito-apocynin (C11), an orally active mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-based compound, is synthesized by conjugating the Apocynin moiety with a TPP+ cation. Mito-apocynin (C11) selectively targets mitochondria, and shows neuroprotective effect. Mito-apocynin (C11) prevents hyposmia and corrects deficits in motor function.
    Mito-apocynin (C11)
  • HY-N0663
    Talatisamine
    		99.77%
    Talatisamine is an orally active cyclophilin D activator isolated from the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. Talatisamine exerts biological functions by activating cyclophilin D, inhibiting Ca2+-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) (IC50=78 μM), and blocking delayed rectifier K+ channels (IC50=146 μM). Talatisamine possesses both antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and protects mitochondrial membrane function. Talatisamine exhibits multiple activities including antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. Talatisamine finds applications in the research of ischemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation-related diseases and Alzheimer's disease.
    Talatisamine
  • HY-106373A
    Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA
    		99.91%
    Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; Adrenocorticotrophic hormone) TFA is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA stimulates cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA regulates cortisol and androgen production. Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA can promote the development of spermatogenesis. Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA can relieve acute inflammation in gout models by inhibiting the polarization of macrophages to M1 type, inhibiting ROS and proinflammatory factor production and protecting mitochondrial function. Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA can be used for the researches of inflammation, endocrinology, metabolic disease, such as gout and nephrotic syndrome.
    Adrenocorticotropic hormone TFA
  • HY-W017982
    CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water)
    		Inhibitor
    CMIT/MIT is a CMIT and MIT mixture. CMIT and MIT are powerful synthetic biocidal substances. CMIT and MIT are used as preservatives in various cosmetics and industrial products. CMIT and MIT are present in many water-soluble consumer products, such as shampoos, toothpastes. CMIT/MIT (3:1 mixture of CMIT and MIT) produces mitochondrial ROS via inhibiting mitochondrial complex I and II. CMIT/MIT (in 3:1 ratio) induces neurotoxicity through the upregulation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. CMIT/MIT can be used in the research of respiratory diseases and neuroblastoma.
    CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water)
  • HY-144439
    HTS07545
    		99.94%
    HTS07545 is a potent sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 nM. HTS07545 reduces the decomposition rate of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). HTS07545 can be used in the research of heart failure and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
    HTS07545
  • HY-113410
    3-Methylglutaric acid
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid
  • HY-B1280
    Nikethamide
    		99.87%
    Nikethamide (N,N-Diethylnicotinamide), one of the respiratory central stimulants, has the potential for respiratory failure research.
    Nikethamide
  • HY-W128525
    Menadiol
    Menadiol (Dihydrovitamin K3), a menaquinol analogue, is an electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles.
    Menadiol
  • HY-139308
    T0467
    		99.30%
    T0467 activates parkin mitochondrial translocation in a PINK1-dependent manner in vitro. T0467 do not induce mitochondrial accumulation of PINK1in dopaminergic neurons. T0467 is a potential compound for PINK1-Parkin signaling activation, and can be used for parkinson's disease and related disorders research.
    T0467
  • HY-123985
    MFN2 agonist-1
    		Activator 98.84%
    MFN2 agonist-1 (B-A/l) potently stimulates mitochondrial fusion in mitofusin 2 (MFN2)-deficient cells. MFN2 agonist-1 reverses mitochondrial “clumping” (formation of static mitochondrial aggregates) and restores mitochondrial motility in cultured mouse neurons expressing the CMT2A mutant MFN2 T105M.
    MFN2 agonist-1
  • HY-139577
    Ninerafaxstat
    		99.14%
    Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases.
    Ninerafaxstat
  • HY-126222A
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide
    		Inhibitor 98.83%
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative, an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis.
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide
  • HY-17516
    Tolfenpyrad
    		Inhibitor 98.64%
    Tolfenpyrad is an insecticide approved for marketing in Japan in 2002.
    Tolfenpyrad
  • HY-164515
    ONC213
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    ONC213 is an orally active αKGDH inhibitor. ONC213 can suppress mitochondrial respiration and elevate α-ketoglutarate levels by inhibiting αKGDH activity. ONC213 can induce cells apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial stress response and inhibiting translation of MCL-1. ONC213 can be used for the research of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia research (AML).
    ONC213
  • HY-N0492S
    α-Lipoic Acid-d5
    		98.11%
    α-Lipoic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled α-Lipoic Acid. α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.
    α-Lipoic Acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-Y0624
    4-Pentenoic acid
    		99.93%
    4-Pentenoic acid is a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid. 4-Pentenoic acid has hypoglycemic and fatty acid oxidation inhibitory activities. 4-Pentenoic acid can affect blood glucose metabolism and energy metabolism through mechanisms such as inhibiting long-chain fatty acid oxidation, reducing gluconeogenesis, and promoting glucose utilization.
    4-Pentenoic acid
  • HY-W012572
    D-Histidine
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    D-Histidine is an anti-biofilm agent that targets bacterial quorum sensing systems (such as RhlI/RhlR pathway) and has antibacterial activity. D-Histidine works by non-covalently binding to bacterial regulatory factors or copper ion complexes, selectively inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and motility. D-Histidine downregulates quorum sensing-related gene expression, reduces the synthesis of virulence factors (such as alginate and proteases), and interferes with bacterial membrane stability, inhibiting biofilm formation, promoting the disintegration of mature biofilms, and enhancing antibiotic sensitivity. D-Histidine is also an efficient catalyst for the salt-induced peptide formation (SIPF) reaction, which promotes the condensation of amino acids to form dipeptides (such as dialanine and dilysine) by forming a complex with copper ions (Cu2+).
    D-Histidine
  • HY-W023144
    Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
    		98.0%
    Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Tris (1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate) is a chlorinated organophosphate flame retardant. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces DNA damage, elevates intracellular ROS levels, and triggers oxidative stress. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate can trigger cell Apoptosis. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate reduces the survival rate of umbilical vein endothelial cells at relatively high concentrations.
    Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
  • HY-Y0537B
    Potassium chloride, for molecular biology
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    Potassium chloride, for molecular biology is potassium chloride that can be used in molecular biology. Potassium chloride, for molecular biology affects the stability of biological membranes by disrupting the electrostatic interactions between proteins and lipids. Potassium chloride, for molecular biology affects the solubility of myofibrillar proteins and the integrity of mitochondria. Potassium chloride, for molecular biology is commonly used in homogenization buffers and protein extraction procedures.
    Potassium chloride, for molecular biology
  • HY-120602
    WWL229
    		Inhibitor 99.49%
    WWL229 is a selective inhibitor of carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) with an IC50 1.94 μM. WWL229 attenuates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, inhibits lipolysis and adipose thermogenesis, impairs mitochondrial function, and promotes lipid storage. WWL229 can be used for the research of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and lung inflammation.
    WWL229
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity