Cat. No.: HY-113410

3-Methylglutaric acid

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Based on 1 Customer Validation

3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.0%
CAS No.: 626-51-7
Formula: C₆H₁₀O₄
Molecular Weight:146.14

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

3-Methylglutaric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 626-51-7

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

In Vitro

3-Methylglutaric acid (0.1-5.0 mM; 1 h) inhibits the mitochondrial redox potential of rat cortical synaptosomes, and the reduction rate of Resazurin (HY-118540) is reduced by 25%^[1].
3-Methylglutaric acid (0.1-5.0 mM; 1 h) significantly inhibits the synaptosomal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity by 30%, and this inhibitory effect can be completely reversed by the antioxidants creatine and melatonin^[1].
3-Methylglutaric acid (0.1-5.0 mM; 1 h) induces synaptosomal ROS generation and increases the DCFH oxidation level by 30%^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

Rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes (viability assessed by LDH release)
Concentration:

0.1 mM, 1.0 mM, 5.0 mM
Incubation Time:

1 h, 2 h
Result:

Unchanged LDH leakage compared to control (≤10% of total release), indicating no significant membrane damage or cell death at tested concentrations.

In Vivo

3-Methylglutaric acid (10 μmol/g for the first time, followed by two doses of 5 μmol/g each; ip; 90 min between each dose, single cycle) induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal damage in the liver and cerebral cortex in male Wistar rats, while Bezafibrate (HY-B0637) (30-100 mg/kg/day, pretreatment by oral gavage for 7 days) significantly reverses the above effects^[2]^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male Wistar rats (80-100 g, 23 days old), hepatic and cerebral cortex injury model induced by MGA^[2]^[3]
Dosage:

10 μmol/g (first injection), 5 μmol/g (subsequent two injections); with or without Bezafibrate (30 or 100 mg/kg/day, dissolved in corn oil)
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection, three doses with 90-min intervals on the same day;
while Bezafibrate administratied via Oral gavage, once daily for 7 consecutive days before 3-Methylglutaric acid administration.
Result:

Significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (lipid peroxidation) in liver and cerebral cortex, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase ↑, glutathione peroxidase ↓, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ↓).
Bezafibrate (100 mg/kg/day) completely prevented MDA increase and GSH depletion, and partially normalized enzyme activities.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 626-51-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 146.14
Formula C₆H₁₀O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)CC(C)CC(O)=O
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (684.28 mM)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (684.28 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

6.8428 mL

34.2138 mL

68.4275 mL

5 mM

1.3686 mL

6.8428 mL

13.6855 mL

10 mM

0.6843 mL

3.4214 mL

6.8428 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.11 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.11 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.11 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Ribeiro CA, et al. Neurochemical evidence that 3-methylglutaric acid inhibits synaptic Na+,K+-ATPase activity probably through oxidative damage in brain cortex of young rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2011 Feb;29(1):1-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. da Rosa-Junior NT, et al. In vivo evidence that bezafibrate prevents oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by 3-methylglutaric acid in rat liver. Biochimie. 2020 Apr-May;171-172:187-196. [Content Brief]

[3]. da Rosa-Junior NT, et al. Bezafibrate In Vivo Administration Prevents 3-Methylglutaric Acid-Induced Impairment of Redox Status, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Neural Injury in Brain of Developing Rats. Neurotox Res. 2019 May;35(4):809-822. [Content Brief]

[4]. Colín-González AL, et al. Experimental Evidence that 3-Methylglutaric Acid Disturbs Mitochondrial Function and Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain Synaptosomes: New Converging Mechanisms. Neurochem Res. 2016 Oct;41(10):2619-2626. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	6.8428 mL	34.2138 mL	68.4275 mL	171.0688 mL
	5 mM	1.3686 mL	6.8428 mL	13.6855 mL	34.2138 mL
	10 mM	0.6843 mL	3.4214 mL	6.8428 mL	17.1069 mL
	15 mM	0.4562 mL	2.2809 mL	4.5618 mL	11.4046 mL
	20 mM	0.3421 mL	1.7107 mL	3.4214 mL	8.5534 mL
	25 mM	0.2737 mL	1.3686 mL	2.7371 mL	6.8428 mL
	30 mM	0.2281 mL	1.1405 mL	2.2809 mL	5.7023 mL
	40 mM	0.1711 mL	0.8553 mL	1.7107 mL	4.2767 mL
	50 mM	0.1369 mL	0.6843 mL	1.3686 mL	3.4214 mL
	60 mM	0.1140 mL	0.5702 mL	1.1405 mL	2.8511 mL
	80 mM	0.0855 mL	0.4277 mL	0.8553 mL	2.1384 mL
	100 mM	0.0684 mL	0.3421 mL	0.6843 mL	1.7107 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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3-Methylglutaric acid

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Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

3-Methylglutaric acid Related Classifications

HY-113410 Related Classifications