2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2852
    α-Terthienylmethanol
    		Inducer
    α-Terthienylmethanol is a terthiophene isolated from the n-hexane fraction of E. prostrata. α-Terthienylmethanol has potent cytotoxic activity against human endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A and Ishikawa) (IC50 < 1 μM). α-Terthienylmethanol increases the intracellular level of ROS and decreases that of GSH.
    α-Terthienylmethanol
  • HY-N2852
    α-Terthienylmethanol
    		Inhibitor
    α-Terthienylmethanol is a terthiophene isolated from the n-hexane fraction of E. prostrata. α-Terthienylmethanol has potent cytotoxic activity against human endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A and Ishikawa) (IC50 < 1 μM). α-Terthienylmethanol increases the intracellular level of ROS and decreases that of GSH.
    α-Terthienylmethanol
  • HY-W050000R
    OR-1855 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    OR-1855 (Standard) is an analytical standard of OR-1855 (HY-W050000). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. OR-1855, an active metabolite of Levosimendan (HY-14286), has effect on myometrial contractility. OR-1855 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting IL-1β-induced ROS formation and NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide radical generation in HUVECs. OR-1855 inhibits IL-1β-induced phosphorylation p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, c-Jun and JNK in HUVECs. OR-1855 can be used for the study of inflammation.
    OR-1855 (Standard)
  • HY-181477
    ERK5-IN-7
    		Activator
    ERK5-IN-7 is an orally active ERK5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 403.4 nM. ERK5-IN-7 directly inhibits ERK5 kinase activity, and downregulates the phosphorylation level and total protein expression of ERK5. ERK5-IN-7 induces Apoptosis (upregulates Bax, downregulates Bcl-2, and induces Caspase-3 cleavage). ERK5-IN-7 induces ROS accumulation. ERK5-IN-7 exhibits anticancer effects against Lewis lung cancer.
    ERK5-IN-7
  • HY-173190
    Antibacterial agent 271
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 271 is an antibacterial agent with significant inhibition against Escherichia coli (MIC: 2.2 μM). Antibacterial agent 271 reduces metabolic activity by disrupting the integrity of bacterial membranes. Antibacterial agent 271 binds to DNA grooves to inhibit replication and induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , ultimately leading to bacterial death. Antibacterial agent 271 shows significant potential in combating bacterial infections.
    Antibacterial agent 271
  • HY-181005
    FGFR-IN-25
    		Activator
    FGFR-IN-25 (Compound 19E) is a FGFR inhibitor (IC50s: 1.30 nM and 0.85 nM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively) and radiosensitizer. FGFR-IN-25 effectively reduces the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its key downstream effectors, pAKT and pERK. FGFR-IN-25 exerts broad-spectrum antitumor activity against gastric cancer, colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and glioblastoma. FGFR-IN-25, when combined with radiotherapy, synergistically activates the ROS-Caspase-3-GSDME axis, downregulates PD-L1 expression, and induces immunogenic cell death (ICD). FGFR-IN-25 combined with radiotherapy improves the antitumor efficacy.
    FGFR-IN-25
  • HY-B1204S4
    Histamine-15N3
    Histamine-15N3 is the 15N3-labeled Histamine (HY-B1204). Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B1315S1
    Carbaryl-d7
    		Inducer 99%
    Carbaryl-d7 is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.
    Carbaryl-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-146354
    Antiproliferative agent-4
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-4 (compound 2y) has excellent anti-proliferative activity against certain cancer cell lines. Antiproliferative agent-4 reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases the apoptosis rate and the level of ROS on EC109. Antiproliferative agent-4 inhibits tumour growth in nude mice, with low toxicity.
    Antiproliferative agent-4
  • HY-159004
    Se-DOPE
    		Modulator
    Se-DOPE is a phospholipid molecule with selenium. Se-DOPE can be used to synthesize the bifunctional Janus liposozyme. Se-DOPE promotes the production of ROS with induction of lights, scavenges the ROS with the presence of glutathione. Se-DOPE regulates redox and immune homeostasis in infected diabetic wounds.
    Se-DOPE
  • HY-N2853R
    D-α-Tocopherylquinone (Standard)
    D-α-Tocopherylquinone (α-Tocopherylquinone) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-α-Tocopherylquinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-α-Tocopherylquinone is a quinone, can be isolated from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. D-α-Tocopherylquinone is an oxidation product of α-Tocopherol (vitamin E). D-α-Tocopherylquinone can act as an anticoagulant and as an antioxidant. D-α-Tocopherylquinone reduces cellular oxidative damage produced by oxidized lipids. D-α-Tocopherylquinone binds to a liver cytosolic protein with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa. D-α-Tocopherylquinone binds to glurathione-S-transferase (GST) and can be transported to the site of metabolism or excreted in the bile.
    D-α-Tocopherylquinone (Standard)
  • HY-165097
    1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PC
    1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PC (15(S)-HpETE-SAPC) is a compound studied for the cytotoxicity of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. Its cytotoxicity is exerted through the decomposition of hydroperoxides to produce toxic compounds.
    1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PC
  • HY-179027
    LDH-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    LDH-IN-5 is a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor with neuroprotective activity. LDH-IN-5 can inhibit cell apoptosis, reduce ROS, MDA production and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. LDH-IN-5 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as ischemic stroke.
    LDH-IN-5
  • HY-173408
    Nur77 agonist-1
    		Inducer
    Nur77 agonist-1 (Compound 8f) is an orally active Nur77 agonist. Nur77 agonist-1 induces ferroptosis by upregulating Nur77 protein expression, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels, and decreasing GPX4 protein expression. Nur77 agonist-1 has binding affinity to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of Nur77 (KD: 13.80 μM). Nur77 agonist-1 exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against a variety of breast cancer cells (IC50: 2.15-3.26 μM) and has low toxicity to normal cells. Nur77 agonist-1 can be used in breast cancer research.
    Nur77 agonist-1
  • HY-120896B
    Imipramine Blue chloride
    		Inhibitor
    Imipramine Blue chloride is a potent anti-invasive agent. Imipramine Blue chloride inhibits the invasion of glioma. Imipramine Blue chloride inhibits NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species generation.
    Imipramine Blue chloride
  • HY-D1293A
    Photosensitizer-1 hydrochloride
    Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) hydrochloride is a photosensitizer.
    Photosensitizer-1 hydrochloride
  • HY-111431R
    p-Cresyl sulfate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Platycodin D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Platycodin D. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Platycodin D is a saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorus, acts as an activator of AMPKα, with anti-obesity property. WNT/β-catenin pathway mediates the anti-adipogenic effect of platycodin D.
    p-Cresyl sulfate (Standard)
  • HY-153757
    Antioxidant agent-11
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-11 is a 2-pyrazole-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivative and a weak antioxidant. Antioxidant agent-11 scavenges DPPH free radicals. Antioxidant agent-11 can be used for the research of lung carcinoma.
    Antioxidant agent-11
  • HY-D3168
    PCL-2
    PCL-2 is a reactive oxygen species-responsive fluorescent probe that shows almost no response to biologically relevant reactive oxygen species other than hydrogen peroxide. PCL-2 reacts with hydrogen peroxide to release 6-hydroxy-2-cyanobenzothiazole. PCL-2 can be used for chemoselective imaging of hydrogen peroxide in in vitro models and acute inflammation mouse models. PCL-2 is applicable to studies related to acute inflammation.
    PCL-2
  • HY-107208R
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procyanidol B4 (HY-107208). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procyanidol B4 ((-)-Procyanidin B4) is an orally active polyphenol found in Q.gilva. Procyanidol B4 exerts antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH (HY-112053) (IC50: 12.15 μM) and Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) (HY-15925) (IC50: 8.67 μM). Procyanidol B4 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and IL-1β and iNOS .
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity