2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-178033
    Antileishmanial agent-35
    		Inducer
    Antileishmanial agent-35 (Compound 6) is an antileishmanial agent with an IC50 of 0.29μM for promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Antileishmanial agent-35 significantly decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and further increases the production of ROS by a blockage in the electron transport chain, where ubiquinone intervenes. Antileishmanial agent-35 can be used for cutaneous leishmaniases research.
    Antileishmanial agent-35
  • HY-N15497
    Terpestacin
    		Inhibitor
    Terpestacin is found in Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. Terpestacin binds to UQCRB to inhibit the production of mitochondrial ROS and HIF-1α. Terpestacin inhibits tumor angiogenesis in the FM3A breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model. Terpestacin has antitumor activity and phytotoxicity.
    Terpestacin
  • HY-100006AR
    MRT68921 dihydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    MRT68921 (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of MRT68921 (dihydrochloride) (HY-100006A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MRT68921 dihydrochloride is a potent NUAK1/ULK1 dual inhibitor. MRT68921 dihydrochloride inhibits ULK1 and ULK2 with IC50 values of 2.9 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. MRT68921 dihydrochloride can block cells autophagy and kill tumor cells by breaking the balance of oxidative stress signals. MRT68921 dihydrochloride can inhibit cell proliferation and induce ROS production and apoptosis. MRT68921 dihydrochloride can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.
    MRT68921 dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-B2035R
    Pretilachlor (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Pretilachlor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pretilachlor (HY-B2035). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide with biological activities including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis induction, and immunotoxicity. Pretilachlor exerts its effects by interfering with hormone metabolism, inducing oxidative stress, activating apoptotic pathways, and inhibiting immune functions. Pretilachlor upregulates the transcription of P53, Mdm2, and Bbc3, and increases the activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9; it upregulates the transcription of genes in the HPG/HPT axis and the activity of aromatase; it induces oxidative stress, elevates ROS levels, and upregulates CAT, SOD, and GPX. Pretilachlor downregulates the transcription of CXCL-C1C, IL-1β, and IL-8. Pretilachlor disrupts the normal physiological processes and embryonic development of fish, exhibiting significant toxicity. Pretilachlor can be used in studies related to weeding, environmental pollution, and behavioral toxicity in fish.
    Pretilachlor (Standard)
  • HY-N2457
    Laxogenin
    		Inhibitor
    Laxogenin ((25R)-3β-Hydroxy-5α-spirostan-6-one; 6-Oxotigogenin) is an orally active myostatin (myostatin) inhibitor. Laxogenin promotes myogenesis and enhances the formation and maturation of myotubes. Laxogenin downregulates ROS. When added to the culture medium for cultured meat production, Laxogenin improves the texture, quality and nutritional value of cultured meat. Laxogenin reduces the average number of tumors in a two-stage mouse lung carcinogenesis model. Laxogenin can be used in research related to myogenesis and lung cancer.
    Laxogenin
  • HY-180125A
    Antibacterial agent 307 hydrochloride
    Antibacterial agent 307 hydrochloride is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 307 hydrochloride shows MICs of 1-4 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria, moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, low hemolytic toxicity, and excellent plasma stability. Antibacterial agent 307 hydrochloride compromises bacterial membrane integrity via increased permeability and depolarization, induces endogenous ROS accumulation, causes cytoplasmic protein and nucleic acid leakage, and drives rapid bacterial cell death. Antibacterial agent 307 hydrochloride can be used for the research of bacterial infection.
    Antibacterial agent 307 hydrochloride
  • HY-121556
    Rufigallol
    		Inducer
    Rufigallol is one of the earliest systems reported to form columnar mesophases. Rufigallol is also an oxidant agent. Rufigallol acts in a pro-oxidant fashion to produce oxygen radicals inside parasitized erythrocytes. Rufigallol has vitamin K activity and antimalarial activity.
    Rufigallol
  • HY-100561R
    Tempol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tempol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tempol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol (Standard)
  • HY-128973R
    Pyropheophorbide-a (Standard)
    Pyropheophorbide-a (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyropheophorbide-a. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for tumors. Pyropheophorbide-a exhibits phototoxic effects on tumor cells, such as cervical cancer cells, and also has anti-lipogenesis activity. Pyropheophorbide-a shows potential for research in the fields of cancer and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Pyropheophorbide-a derivatives also demonstrate inhibitory activity against tumor cells.
    Pyropheophorbide-a (Standard)
  • HY-151095
    Phytoene desaturase-IN-1
    		99.59%
    Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 is a potent phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitor (Kd: 65.9 μM) through π−π stacking effect with Phe301 residue. Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 shows broad spectrum of postemergence herbicidal activity. Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 induces PDS mRNA reduction, phytoene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in albino leaves. Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 can be used in the area of agricultural production.
    Phytoene desaturase-IN-1
  • HY-180125
    Antibacterial agent 307
    		Inducer
    Antibacterial agent 307 is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 307 shows MICs of 1-4 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria, moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, low hemolytic toxicity, and excellent plasma stability. Antibacterial agent 307 compromises bacterial membrane integrity via increased permeability and depolarization, induces endogenous ROS accumulation, causes cytoplasmic protein and nucleic acid leakage, and drives rapid bacterial cell death. Antibacterial agent 307 can be used for the research of bacterial infection.
    Antibacterial agent 307
  • HY-W014423S5
    L-Histidine-15N3 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-15N3 hydrochloride hydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-N0772R
    Isomangiferin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isomangiferin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isomangiferin (HY-N0772). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isomangiferin is an orally active xanthone C-glucoside, and its chemical structure is similar to Mangiferin (HY-N0290). Isomangiferin is an effective VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitor, which can induces cell apoptosis, inhibit the growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer. Isomangiferin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby improving the renal function indicators of diabetic mice. Isomangiferin exhibits inhibitory effects on various bacteria and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Isomangiferin promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and reduces cell apoptosis and the production of ROS by activating the AMPK/ACC pathway, thereby facilitating fracture healing.
    Isomangiferin (Standard)
  • HY-77813R
    Benzyl isothiocyanate (Standard)
    Benzyl isothiocyanate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benzyl isothiocyanate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].
    Benzyl isothiocyanate (Standard)
  • HY-N3011R
    Iridin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Iridin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iridin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iridin is an orally active natural isoflavone. Iridin inhibits the PI3K/AKT and PKM2 signaling pathways, and downregulates the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Iridin induces Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibits cell proliferation. Iridin reduces inflammation, inhibits ROS production, suppresses glycolysis, and also exhibits antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Iridin can be used in research related to gastric cancer and acute lung injury.
    Iridin (Standard)
  • HY-17007S2
    Saquinavir-13C6
    		Inducer
    Saquinavir-13C6 (Ro 31-8959-13C6) is 13C labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B1975R
    Dithianon (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dithianon (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dithianon. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dithianon is a broad-spectrum anthraquinone fungicide with good adherence to the surface of leaves and fruits. Dithianon is used to control several several fungal of some fruits and vegetables, as anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp., Elsinoe ampelina), mildew (Plasmopara viticola), phomopsis (Phomopsis viticola), among others.
    Dithianon (Standard)
  • HY-N2522R
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium (Standard)
    		Activator
    Carboxyatractyloside (dipotassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium (HY-N2522). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside dipotassium (Standard)
  • HY-N2329R
    Piperlongumine (Standard)
    Piperlongumine is a alkaloid, possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome.
    Piperlongumine (Standard)
  • HY-N11072
    Tremulacin
    		Inhibitor
    Tremulacin is a 5-LOX inhibitor. Tremulacin reduces the biosynthesis of LTB4 and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis. Tremulacin alleviates carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, croton oil-induced ear edema in mice, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Tremulacin inhibits TNF-α-stimulated ROS production and MMP-1 expression, and promotes collagen secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. Tremulacin is investigated for studies on inflammation-related diseases.
    Tremulacin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity