Tremulacin
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Tremulacin is a 5-LOX inhibitor. Tremulacin reduces the biosynthesis of LTB4 and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis. Tremulacin alleviates carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, croton oil-induced ear edema in mice, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Tremulacin inhibits TNF-α-stimulated ROS production and MMP-1 expression, and promotes collagen secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. Tremulacin is investigated for studies on inflammation-related diseases.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 96.41%
- CAS No.: 29836-40-6
- Formula: C27H28O11
- Molecular Weight:528.50
-
Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
-
Biological Activity
-
Chemical Information
-
Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
-
Help & FAQs
All Leukotriene Receptor Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
Description
|
5-LOX |
LTB4 |
MMP-1 |
In Vitro
Tremulacin (10 μM; 30 min) inhibits LTB4 biosynthesis by 30% in leukocytes from rat pleural cavities, but exerts no effect on HHT biosynthesis in platelets, and reduces SRS-A biosynthesis by 41% in isolated longitudinal muscle strips from the ileum of sensitized guinea pigs[1].
Tremulacin (1-100 μM; 24 h) reduces cell viability at the concentration of 100 μM[2].
Tremulacin (1-30 μM; pre-incubated for 1 h prior to TNF-α treatment) inhibits TNF-α-induced ROS production in normal human skin fibroblasts, suppresses TNF-α-induced MMP-1 secretion in normal human dermal fibroblasts, and partially restores COLIA1 secretion[2].
Tremulacin exhibits weak antiviral activity against HSV-1 (EC50 = 87 μM), HSV-2 (EC50 = 86 μM) and HIV-1 (EC50 = 52 μM)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
-
Cell Line:normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)
-
Concentration:1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μM
-
Incubation Time:24 h
-
Result:Showed no significant changes in cell viability at concentrations of 1, 3, 10, and 30 μM.
Caused a significant decrease in cell viability at 100 μM.
-
Cell Line:TNF-α-stimulated normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)
-
Concentration:1, 3, 10, 30 μM
-
Incubation Time:1 h (pre-incubation before 24 h TNF-α treatment)
-
Result:Reduced TNF-α-induced MMP-1 secretion to 1.03 ng/mL at 1 μM.
Reduced TNF-α-induced MMP-1 secretion to 1.66 ng/mL at 3 μM.
Reduced TNF-α-induced MMP-1 secretion to 1.28 ng/mL at 10 μM.
Reduced TNF-α-induced MMP-1 secretion to 1.21 ng/mL at 30 μM.
Increased TNF-α-reduced COLIA1 secretion to 0.82 ng/mL at 3 μM.
In Vivo
Tremulacin (100 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single administration) inhibits croton oil-induced ear swelling in Kunming mice by 43%[1].
Tremulacin (100 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single administration) prolongs the latency and reduces the frequency of acetic acid-induced writhing responses in Kunming mice[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
-
Animal Model:Wistar (male, 180-220 g, carrageenan-induced paw edema model/ sodium carboxymethylcellulose-induced peritoneal leukocyte migration model)[1]
-
Dosage:100 mg/kg
-
Administration:s.c.; single dose
-
Result:Significantly reduced paw swelling for at least 6 hours, with a maximum inhibition rate of approximately 55%.
Reduced peritoneal leukocyte counts from 1.2×104 cells/mL in controls to 6×103 cells/mL in treated rats, resulting in a 50% inhibition rate.
-
Animal Model:Kun Ming (male, 18-22 g, croton oil-induced ear edema model)[1]
-
Dosage:100 mg/kg
-
Administration:s.c.; single dose
-
Result:Decreased ear edema by 43%, reducing the mean ear weight increase from 18.1 mg in controls to 10.3 mg in treated mice.
-
Animal Model:Kun Ming (male, 18-22 g, acetic acid-induced writhing model)[1]
-
Dosage:100 mg/kg
-
Administration:s.c.; single dose
-
Result:Increased the mean time to onset of writhing from 2.43 minutes in controls to 3.75 min.
Reduced the mean number of writhing responses over 15 minutes from 34.86 in controls to 19.75.
Chemical Information
-
CAS No. 29836-40-6
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 528.50
-
Formula C27H28O11
-
Color White to off-white
-
SMILES
O=C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)[C@@H]2OC3=C(C=CC=C3)COC([C@]4(C(CCC=C4)=O)O)=O
-
Structure Classification
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (189.21 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.73 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
-
%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
-
%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
-
%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
-
RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
-
Mitochondrial membrane-potential fluorescent assay
Mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent assays estimate ΔΨm in living cells using lipophilic cationic dyes such as TMRM, TMRE, rhodamine 123, and JC-1, which accumulate in mitochondria according to membrane polarization; loss of signal after FCCP or CCCP treatment is interpreted as mitochondrial depolarization. TMRM/TMRE and rhodamine 123 are commonly used for semi-quantitative live-cell microscopy or flow cytometry, while JC-1 can report a shift from red aggregate fluorescence to green monomer fluorescence during depolarization; interpretation requires controls because dye concentration, quenching mode, cell type, dye efflux, and mitochondrial mass can affect fluorescence independently of ΔΨm.
-
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
-
Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema
Carrageenan-induced paw edema is an acute inflammation model in which intraplantar injection of carrageenan induces localized inflammatory swelling characterized by vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, and production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines, making it widely used to evaluate anti-inflammatory agents in vivo. The resulting paw volume or thickness increase is quantified over time as a direct readout of inflammatory intensity and drug efficacy, typically reflecting cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin-driven edema formation and immune cell recruitment in peripheral tissue[20].
-
TPA/Croton Oil Ear Edema and Dermatitis
The TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model is a well-established acute cutaneous inflammation system used to evaluate topical anti-inflammatory activity by measuring edema formation, neutrophil infiltration, vascular permeability, and cytokine-mediated skin responses in vivo. The inflammatory response is triggered by topical application of phorbol esters (TPA) or croton oil constituents, leading to rapid activation of protein kinase C signaling, leukocyte recruitment, and increased vascular permeability, which can be quantified by ear thickness, weight, dye extravasation, and biochemical markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pro-inflammatory mediators in ear tissue homogenates. This model is widely used for screening anti-inflammatory agents, where reductions in edema and inflammatory biomarkers reflect suppression of acute dermal inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Histological evaluation typically confirms epidermal
-
Mitochondrial membrane-potential and mitochondrial mass staining
Mitochondrial membrane potential staining measures the electrochemical polarization across the mitochondrial inner membrane in live cells using lipophilic cationic fluorescent probes; early rhodamine-based work showed that selective mitochondrial dye accumulation is lost when the mitochondrial transmembrane potential is dissipated. JC-1 reports mitochondrial polarization by shifting from green monomer fluorescence to red J-aggregate fluorescence as dye concentration increases within energized mitochondria; therefore, the red/green fluorescence ratio is used as a relative readout of mitochondrial membrane potential. TMRE or TMRM staining provides a single-channel relative readout because these cationic rhodamine esters accumulate in polarized mitochondria, and lower fluorescence indicates reduced mitochondrial polarization when acquisition and dye-loading conditions are controlled. Mitochondrial mass staining is commonly performed with MitoTracker Green FM or related MitoTracker dyes as
-
Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
-
Data Sheet (287 KB)
-
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
-
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Cheng GF, et al. Antiinflammatory effects of Tremulacin, a Salicin-related substance isolated from Populus tomentosa Carr. leaves. Phytomedicine. 1994;1(3):209-211. [Content Brief]
[2]. Ahn SY, et al. Potential skin anti-aging effects of main phenolic compounds, tremulacin and tremuloidin from Salix chaenomeloides leaves on TNF-α-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts. Chem Biol Interact. 2024;402:111192. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ishikawa T, et al. Isolation of salicin derivatives from Homalium cochinchinensis and their antiviral activities. J Nat Prod. 2004 Apr;67(4):659-63. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.8921 mL | 9.4607 mL | 18.9215 mL | 47.3037 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3784 mL | 1.8921 mL | 3.7843 mL | 9.4607 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1892 mL | 0.9461 mL | 1.8921 mL | 4.7304 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1261 mL | 0.6307 mL | 1.2614 mL | 3.1536 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0946 mL | 0.4730 mL | 0.9461 mL | 2.3652 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0757 mL | 0.3784 mL | 0.7569 mL | 1.8921 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0631 mL | 0.3154 mL | 0.6307 mL | 1.5768 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0473 mL | 0.2365 mL | 0.4730 mL | 1.1826 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0378 mL | 0.1892 mL | 0.3784 mL | 0.9461 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0315 mL | 0.1577 mL | 0.3154 mL | 0.7884 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0237 mL | 0.1183 mL | 0.2365 mL | 0.5913 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0189 mL | 0.0946 mL | 0.1892 mL | 0.4730 mL |
Tremulacin Related Classifications
HY-N11072 Related Classifications
Powered by Bioz
Keywords
- Tremulacin
- 29836-40-6
- Lipoxygenase
- Leukotriene Receptor
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- MMP
- cyclooxygenase
- carrageenan-induced paw edema
- croton oil-induced ear edema
- 5-lipoxygenase
- HIV-1
- acetic acid-induced writhing responses
- Slow Reaction Substance of Anaphylaxis
- human dermal fibroblasts
- leukotriene B4
- HSV-1
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit