2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100607S
    Landiolol-d8
    		Inhibitor
    Landiolol-d8 (ONO1101-d8) is the deuterium labeled Landiolol (HY-100607). Landiolol (ONO1101) is a highly selective, ultra-short-acting competitive inhibitor of β1 adrenergic receptors. Landiolol specifically blocks cardiac β1 receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. Landiolol inhibits TNF-α-induced excessive mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production in a sepsis model, alleviating renal injury. Landiolol has little effect on cardiac ion channels (such as L-type calcium current and inward rectifier potassium current) and has a weak negative inotropic effect. Landiolol can be used for perioperative tachycardia control and protection studies of sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
    Landiolol-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-B0093AR
    Benazepril hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benazepril hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benazepril hydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benazepril hydrochloride is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce angiotensin-II production. Benazepril hydrochloride inhibits oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, Benazepril hydrochloride improves diabetic nephropathy and decreases proteinuria. Benazepril hydrochloride can be used in the study of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.
    Benazepril hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N17729
    Michelenolide
    		Inhibitor
    Michelenolide is an antioxidant and ferrous ion chelator. Michelenolide can be found in the stems of Michelia alba, with moderate antioxidant activity, moderate ferrous ion chelating properties.
    Michelenolide
  • HY-N0872R
    Isosteviol (Standard)
    Isosteviol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isosteviol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) is a derivative of Stevioside through acid catalyzed hydrolysis of Stevioside. Isosteviol inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase and has antibacterial, anticancer and anti-tuberculosis effects.
    Isosteviol (Standard)
  • HY-183554
    Fa-Au
    		Activator
    Fa-Au is a TrxR inhibitor. Fa-Au downregulates GPX4, induces oxidative stress, mitochondria-associated ferroptosis (ferroptosis) and immunogenic cell death. Fa-Au induces ROS production in hepatoma cells. Fa-Au remodels the tumor immune microenvironment via M1 macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, CD8+ T cell activation and reduction of regulatory T cells. Fa-Au induces an anti-tumor immune feedback loop through the IFNγ/STAT1/SLC7A11 axis. Fa-Au inhibits tumor growth. Fa-Au is applicable to hepatocellular carcinoma-related research.
    Fa-Au
  • HY-N16720
    Picrasidine A
    		Inhibitor
    Picrasidine A is an active compound that can be extracted from the natural product Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Picrasidine A has the potential to prevent UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
    Picrasidine A
  • HY-W007539R
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a pharmaceutical intermediate that can be used to synthesize various Schiff base compounds. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde exhibits significant anti angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde reduces the production of NO and ROS by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is commonly used in the study of inflammatory conditions.
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Standard)
  • HY-A0129R
    Histamine phosphate (Standard)
    Histamine phosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Histamine phosphate (HY-A0129). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Histamine phosphate is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine phosphate is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine phosphate affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine phosphate can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine phosphate (Standard)
  • HY-178748
    PKM2-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    PKM2-IN-12 is an orally active PKM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM. PKM2-IN-12 inhibits COLO-205 cell proliferation and migration, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. PKM2-IN-12 significantly reduces cellular levels of lactate, pyruvate, and ROS. PKM2-IN-12 directly kills cancer cells and restores disrupted gut microbiota balance in mice model. PKM2-IN-12 can be used to study colorectal cancer.
    PKM2-IN-12
  • HY-176738
    Antitumor agent-204
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-204 (compound 15a) is a potent antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-204 shows cytotoxicity. Antitumor agent-204 induces nitric oxide (NO) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Antitumor agent-204 induces apoptosis and induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-204 shows antitumor activity.
    Antitumor agent-204
  • HY-P2005
    Malformin C
    		Activator
    Malformin C is an algicidal peptide can be isolated from Aspergillus and exhibits dose-dependent algicidal activity. Malformin C induces a significant increase in ROS levels in algal cells, resulting in impaired SOD activity and high production of MDA content.
    Malformin C
  • HY-178951
    STING-IN-17
    		Inhibitor
    STING-IN-17 (compound 10a) is an orally active STING (human STING IC50 = 29 nM, mouse STING IC50 = 15 nM) inhibitor. STING-IN-17 can inhibit the phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING-IN-17 dose dependently inhibits the mRNA expression of IP10, IFNB1 and ISG56. STING-IN-17 can reduce ROS and inhibit the expression of cleaved-PARP/caspase-3. STING-IN-17 can improve kidney function. STING-IN-17 can be used for research on inflammatory conditions such as acute kidney injury.
    STING-IN-17
  • HY-163879
    hMAO-B-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    hMAO-B-IN-9 (Compound 25c) is a non-competitive inhibitor for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 of 1.58 µM (hMAO-B). hMAO-B-IN-9 forms complex with iron ions as a chelator, and inhibits Erastin (HY-15763)-induced ferroptosis. hMAO-B-IN-9 exhibits antioxidant activity by downregulating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). hMAO-B-IN-9 improves cognitive function in mice, without significant toxicity (30 mg/kg). hMAO-B-IN-9 is blood-brain barrier permeable, according to the in silico prediction.
    hMAO-B-IN-9
  • HY-181599
    XAN-5
    		Inducer
    XAN-5 is a mitochondrial DNA G-quadruplex (mtG4) ligand with a Kd of 3.8 μM. XAN-5 selectively binds and stabilizes mtG4 structures, disrupting mitochondrial gene transcription and DNA replication. XAN-5 triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS overproduction, G0 phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. XAN-5 inhibits autophagy and induces immunogenic cell death. XAN-5 inhibits tumor growth in a mouse liver cancer model while enhancing tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. XAN-5 targets two cancer resistance mechanisms simultaneously. XAN-5 can be used for the research of liver cancer.
    XAN-5
  • HY-172133
    HDAC3-IN-6
    		Activator
    HDAC3-IN-6 (Compound SC26) is a selective HDAC3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 53 nM. HDAC3-IN-6 dose-dependently induces the expression of PD-L1. HDAC3-IN-6 induces more pronounced Apoptosis and production of ROS. HDAC3-IN-6 exhibits high antitumor efficacy against colorectal cancer.
    HDAC3-IN-6
  • HY-113326
    Phytoene
    		Inhibitor
    Phytoene (trans-Phytoene) is a carotene pigment. Phytoene is the precursor of all carotenoids. Phytoene is the predominant PT isomer in most carotenogenic organisms. Phytoene can delay the skin tumors appearance and reduce their number in mice that are induced the tumors with UV-B light. Phytoene leads to protection against oxidative stress and malignant transformation. Phytoene inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells.
    Phytoene
  • HY-163558
    Anticancer agent 212
    Anticancer agent 212 (compound 10a) is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 212 shows cytotoxicity[1]
    Anticancer agent 212
  • HY-W392413
    Glutathione monoethyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Glutathione monoethyl ester is a glutathione derivative that can be transported into cells and hydrolyzed into glutathione. Glutathione monoethyl ester downregulates the gene expression of TEN1 and CTC1 while upregulating TERT expression. Glutathione monoethyl ester enhances telomerase activity, promotes proliferation and differentiation in aged bone marrow stromal cells, while elevating glutathione levels and reducing oxidative stress, protein aggregation and cell death in motor neuronal cells. Glutathione monoethyl ester confers broad multi-organ protection against cerebral ischemia, renal injury, liver damage, and pancreatitis. Glutathione monoethyl ester can be used for the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, acute renal failure, liver injury, and acute pancreatitis.
    Glutathione monoethyl ester
  • HY-N18365
    3'-Methoxy tamarixin
    3'-Methoxy tamarixin (compound 6) is a flavonoid glycoside and antioxidant. 3'-Methoxy tamarixin can be found in the leaves of Cadaba farinosa Forssk.3'-Methoxy tamarixin exhibits free radical scavenging activity and 49.1% antioxidant activity.
    3'-Methoxy tamarixin
  • HY-182036
    KWZL-7f15
    		Inducer
    KWZL-7f15 is a dual CDK6/BRD4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 31.81 nM against human CDK6. KWZL-7f15 inhibits the CDK6-RB axis and BRD4-Myc axis, and also acts as a pan-BET inhibitor. KWZL-7f15 exhibits antiproliferative activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells. KWZL-7f15 shows antitumor activity in xenograft mouse models. KWZL-7f15 can be used in studies related to triple-negative breast cancer.
    KWZL-7f15
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity