DNQX
Based on 12 publication(s) in Google Scholar
DNQX (FG 9041), a quinoxaline derivative, is a selective, potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC50s = 0.5, 2 and 40 μM for AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors, respectively).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.67%
- CAS No.: 2379-57-9
- Formula: C8H4N4O6
- Molecular Weight:252.14
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) DNQX
More- Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 1;15(1):7603. [Abstract]
- Plant Biotechnol J. 2025 Nov 14. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2020 Sep 17;6:87. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jan;17(1):178-184. [Abstract]
- Transl Psychiatry. 2026 Mar 27;16(1):210. [Abstract]
- Transl Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 28;15(1):325. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2024 Dec 3:123290. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 23;26(7):2909. [Abstract]
- J Physiol. 2023 Aug;601(16):3585-3604. [Abstract]
- Sleep Med. 2026 Aug:144:108962. [Abstract]
- J Psychiatr Res. 2023 Jul:163:180-194. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Mar 24. [Abstract]
All iGluR Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Kainate Receptor |
DNQX selectively depolarizes thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2379-57-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 252.14
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Formula C8H4N4O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1C(NC2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2N1)=O
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Synonyms
FG 9041
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (12)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
2024 Sep 1;15(1):7603. PMID: 39217143 -
Plant Biotechnol J
Join the Green and Sustainable Team: Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Boost Broad-Spectrum Viral Resistance in Solanaceae Plants. [Abstract]2025 Nov 14. PMID: 41235714 -
Cell Death Discov
2020 Sep 17;6:87. PMID: 33014431 -
Neural Regen Res
2022 Jan;17(1):178-184. PMID: 34100454 -
Transl Psychiatry
2026 Mar 27;16(1):210. PMID: 41888094 -
Transl Psychiatry
Activation of the supramammillary-dentate gyrus circuit enhances alertness and cognitive function in a rat model of ADHD. [Abstract]2025 Aug 28;15(1):325. PMID: 40877238 -
Life Sci
The modulation of cholecystokinin receptor 1 in the NAc core input from VTA on METH-induced CPP acquisition. [Abstract]2024 Dec 3:123290. PMID: 39638282 -
Int J Mol Sci
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PRAJA1: A Key Regulator of Synaptic Dynamics and Memory Processes with Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. [Abstract]2025 Mar 23;26(7):2909. PMID: 40243483 -
J Physiol
Orexin recruits non-selective cationic conductance and endocannabinoid to dynamically modulate firing of caudal pontine reticular nuclear neurones. [Abstract]2023 Aug;601(16):3585-3604. PMID: 37421377 -
Sleep Med
Hypercapnia-induced micro-arousals during sleep: glutamatergic mechanisms in the parabrachial nucleus. [Abstract]2026 Aug:144:108962. PMID: 41980536 -
J Psychiatr Res
Roles of nucleus accumbens shell small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in the conditioned fear freezing. [Abstract]2023 Jul:163:180-194. PMID: 37216772 -
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 suppresses food intake by inhibiting hindbrain orexigenic NPY neurons. [Abstract]2025 Mar 24. PMID: 40126941
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 35 mg/mL (138.81 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.25 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (8.25 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (632 KB)
- English - EN (632 KB)
- Français - FR (632 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (632 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (632 KB)
- Español - ES (632 KB)
- Swedish - SV (632 KB)
- Italian - IT (632 KB)
- Korean - KR (632 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (632 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Honoré T, et al. Quinoxalinediones: potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists. Science. 1988;241(4866):701-703. [Content Brief]
[2]. Lee SH, et al. Selective excitatory actions of DNQX and CNQX in rat thalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2010;103(4):1728-1734. [Content Brief]
[3]. Sharp JW, et al. DNQX inhibits phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine induction of the hsp70 heat shock gene in the rat cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. Brain Res. 1995;687(1-2):114-124. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.9661 mL | 19.8303 mL | 39.6605 mL | 99.1513 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7932 mL | 3.9661 mL | 7.9321 mL | 19.8303 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3966 mL | 1.9830 mL | 3.9661 mL | 9.9151 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2644 mL | 1.3220 mL | 2.6440 mL | 6.6101 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1983 mL | 0.9915 mL | 1.9830 mL | 4.9576 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1586 mL | 0.7932 mL | 1.5864 mL | 3.9661 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1322 mL | 0.6610 mL | 1.3220 mL | 3.3050 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0992 mL | 0.4958 mL | 0.9915 mL | 2.4788 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0793 mL | 0.3966 mL | 0.7932 mL | 1.9830 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0661 mL | 0.3305 mL | 0.6610 mL | 1.6525 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0496 mL | 0.2479 mL | 0.4958 mL | 1.2394 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0397 mL | 0.1983 mL | 0.3966 mL | 0.9915 mL |
DNQX Related Classifications
HY-15067 Related Classifications
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