2. Immunology/Inflammation Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
  4. L-Kynurenine

L-Kynurenine  (Synonyms: L-キヌレニン)

製品番号: HY-104026 純度: 99.93%
COA 取扱説明書 Technical Support

L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.

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CAS 番号 : 2922-83-0

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 55 在庫あり
Solid
50 mg $50 在庫あり
100 mg $82 在庫あり
250 mg $174 在庫あり
500 mg $270 在庫あり
1 g $440 在庫あり
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カスタマーレビュー

Based on 25 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of L-Kynurenine:

L-Kynurenine 関連抗体

Top Publications Citing Use of Products
In Vivo Efficacy Study
Others
IF
In Vivo Imaging
WB

    L-Kynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Nov 13;32(11):1927-1943.e9.  [Abstract]

    After antibiotic treatment, Ahrflox/floxAdipoq-Cre mice and Ahrflox/flox mice are gavaged with L-kynurenine (5 mg/mL; p.o.; three times a week for 8 weeks), A. pulmonis (109 CFU/mouse/dose) or PBS control three times a week for 8 weeks. Meanwhile, mice are challenged by four cycles of 1.5% DSS.

    L-Kynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncol Lett. 2024 Oct 24;29(1):26.  [Abstract]

    Immunofluorescence staining shows increased nuclear staining of AHR after cells are treated with 20 µM Kyn (20 µM; 30 min) compared with control cells. The re-localization of AHR (green) or PD-L1 (green) in SKOV3 cells treated with 20 µM Kyn for 30 min. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue).

    L-Kynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Mar 1;42(1):52.  [Abstract]

    L-kynurenine (0-200 μM; 24-48 h). The proportion of FVD+ NK-92 cells when treated with gradient concentrations of L-KYN (L-kynurenine) for 24 or 48 h.

    L-Kynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2023 Oct 11.

    L-Kynurenine (2 mg/mL; feeding water; from the 7th to 13th day of pregnancy). Kyn is used to treat infected IDO–/– pregnant mice. The adverse pregnancy outcomes of IDO –/– infected mice after treatment with exogenous Kyn are significantly improved. Mental status, uterus, developmental status of placentas and fetuses in the infected, IDO –/– infected and IDO –/– infected with Kyn treated groups.

    L-Kynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Pathog. 2020 Jul 17;16(7):e1008664.  [Abstract]

    MT-1 cells are treated with Kynurenine (10, 50 μM) for 48 h or 4 days , then subjected to analyze the level of cytosolic AHR and nuclear AHR by immunoblot. After 4-days treatment, Kynurenine (10, 50 μM) remarkably induces the expression of CYP1A1 and plus-strand genes in a dose-dependent manner. Both groups efficiently triggered the production of Tax protein, p19 and p24, although the accumulation of gp46 is no apparent.

    Endogenous Metabolite アイソフォーム固有の製品をすべて表示:

    すべてのアイソフォームを表示
    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    • 生物活性

    • プロトコル

    • 純度とドキュメンテーション

    • 参考文献

    • カスタマーレビュー

    製品説明

    L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.

    IC50 & Target

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    体外実験

    Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out diverse biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. Some cancers increase kynurenine production, which increases tumor growth. L-kynurenine (Kyn) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that activates AHR-directed, naive T cell polarization to the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype. Kynurenine activates AHR signaling at physiological concentrations in H1L7.5c3 cells and acts as an AHR agonist after a 24-hr exposure by inducing the AHR-regulated luciferase gene in H1L7.5c3 mouse hepatocyte cells[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    L-Kynurenine 関連抗体
    体内実験

    Kynurenine dilates arteries from rats as well as humans via Kv7 channels in the vascular smooth muscle. In rats, this tryptophan metabolite causes hypotension, which is partly counteracted by Kv7 channel inhibition[2].
    L-kynurenine administered 1 h before the hypoxia-ischemia shows a dose-dependent significant neuroprotective effect, with complete protection at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The induction of c-fos immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex is also blocked by this dose of L-kynurenine[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    臨床実験
    分子量

    208.21

    分子式

    C10H12N2O3
    CAS 番号
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to yellow

    SMILES

    O=C(O)[C@@H](N)CC(C1=CC=CC=C1N)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    輸送条件

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    保管条件
    Powder -20°C 3 years
      4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
      -20°C 1 month
    溶剤 & 溶解度
    体外: 

    DMSO : 20.83 mg/mL (100.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 10 mg/mL (48.03 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.8028 mL 24.0142 mL 48.0284 mL
    5 mM 0.9606 mL 4.8028 mL 9.6057 mL
    10 mM 0.4803 mL 2.4014 mL 4.8028 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    一般には略語で表示されます：C1V1 = C2V2

    濃度 （開始）

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    体積 （開始）

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    体内:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.99 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (3.99 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 7.14 mg/mL (34.29 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
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    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    純度とドキュメンテーション

    純度: 99.93%

    COA (249 KB) HNMR (273 KB) RP-HPLC (257 KB) LCMS (93 KB) OR (214 KB)

    取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
    参考文献
    細胞実験
    [1]

    Luciferase assays are carried out using the H1L7.5c3 cells. At the indicated times (0.5, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24 h) and concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM) of exposures to Kynurenine, cells are removed from incubation and allowed to equilibrate to room temperature for 15min. After equilibration, the medium is removed and the cells are washed twice with at room temperature with DPBS. The cells are lysed with 20 µL/well 1× Passive Lysis Buffer and shaken for 20min at room temperature. Luciferase activity is recorded using an Luminometer Microplate Reader[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) はこれらの方法の精度を確認していません。 こちらは参照専用です。
    動物実験
    [3]

    Rats[3]

    The effects of increasing doses of L-kynurenine with or without probenecid on concentrations of kynurenic acid in cerebral cortex are examined in 7-day-old rats. Six animals are examined in each group. Animals are treated with L-kynurenine at doses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg or kynurenine, 200 mg/kg with probenecid, 50 mg/kg. Animals are killed at 1 h, the brains promptly removed, and the cerebral cortex is dissected and placed in 0.5 mL of chilled 0. 1 M HCl. Kynurenic acid measurements are made by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Protein measurements are made using a fluorometric assay[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) はこれらの方法の精度を確認していません。 こちらは参照専用です。
    参考文献

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 4.8028 mL 24.0142 mL 48.0284 mL 120.0711 mL
    5 mM 0.9606 mL 4.8028 mL 9.6057 mL 24.0142 mL
    10 mM 0.4803 mL 2.4014 mL 4.8028 mL 12.0071 mL
    15 mM 0.3202 mL 1.6009 mL 3.2019 mL 8.0047 mL
    20 mM 0.2401 mL 1.2007 mL 2.4014 mL 6.0036 mL
    25 mM 0.1921 mL 0.9606 mL 1.9211 mL 4.8028 mL
    30 mM 0.1601 mL 0.8005 mL 1.6009 mL 4.0024 mL
    40 mM 0.1201 mL 0.6004 mL 1.2007 mL 3.0018 mL
    DMSO 50 mM 0.0961 mL 0.4803 mL 0.9606 mL 2.4014 mL
    60 mM 0.0800 mL 0.4002 mL 0.8005 mL 2.0012 mL
    80 mM 0.0600 mL 0.3002 mL 0.6004 mL 1.5009 mL
    100 mM 0.0480 mL 0.2401 mL 0.4803 mL 1.2007 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    L-Kynurenine Related Classifications

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    一般には略語で表示されます：C1V1 = C2V2

    濃度 （開始） × 体積 （開始） = 濃度 （終了） × 体積 （終了）
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      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    L-Kynurenine2922-83-0Aryl Hydrocarbon ReceptorEndogenous MetaboliteAhRInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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    製品名:
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