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Retinoic acid  (Synonyms: Vitamin A acid; all-trans-Retinoic acid; ATRA)

Cat. No.: HY-14649 Purity: 99.74%
COA Handling Instructions

Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC50s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with Kd of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Retinoic acid Chemical Structure

Retinoic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 302-79-4

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 66 In-stock
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100 mg USD 60 In-stock
500 mg USD 78 In-stock
1 g USD 96 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 52 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Retinoic acid:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

49 Publications Citing Use of MCE Retinoic acid

WB

    Retinoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 22;8(65):109135-109150.  [Abstract]

    Cells are treated with RA (20 μM) plus ω-3 PUFAs (80 μM) with or without CQ (5 μM) for 24 h. Cell extracts are prepared and subjected to western blotting analysis.

    Retinoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 22;8(65):109135-109150.  [Abstract]

    MCF-7 cells are pretreated with the indicated chemical inhibitors for 30min, followed by 15 min treatment with RA (20 μM) + EPA (80 μM).Cell extracts are prepared and subjected to western blotting analysis.

    Retinoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 22;8(65):109135-109150.  [Abstract]

    Cell morphology of MCF-7 treated with RA (20 μM)+ω-3 PUFAs (80 μM) with or without 3-MA (5 mM) for 24h.

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    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

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    • Customer Review

    Description

    Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC50s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with Kd of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.

    IC50 & Target[2][5]

    PPARβ/δ

    17 nM (Kd)

    PPARα

    103 nM (Kd)

    PPARγ

    178 nM (Kd)

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    PPARα

    14 nM (IC50)

    PPARγ

    14 nM (IC50)

    RARβ

    14 nM (IC50)

    In Vitro

    Retinoic acid (All-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) is a highly potent derivative of vitamin A that is required for virtually all essential physiological processes and functions because of its involvement in transcriptional regulation of over 530 different genes. Retinoic acid exerts its actions by serving as an activating ligand of nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARα-γ), which form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRα-γ)[1].
    Retinoic acid (RA) bound to PPARα and PPARγ with a low affinity demonstrated by Kd values of 100-200 nM. In contrast, Retinoic acid associates with PPARβ/δ with a Kd of 17 nM, revealing both high affinity and isotype selectivity[2].
    Undifferentiated P19 cells express the Retinoic acid (RA) receptors RARα, RARβ, RARγ, and PPARβ/δ, as well as the Retinoic acid -binding proteins CRABP-II and FABP5. Induction of differentiation by treatment of cells with Retinoic acid results in transient up-regulation of CRABP-II and down-regulation of FABP5 that are observed at the level of both the respective proteins and mRNAs. Following the initial decrease, the level of both FABP5 protein and mRNA increases to attain a 2-2.5-fold higher level in mature neurons as compared with undifferentiated P19 cells. Induction of differentiation does not markedly affect the levels of either RARα or PPARβ/δ. The level of RARγ mRNA decreases by about 5-fold by day 4 and remained low in mature neurons[3].
    Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen derived from retinol (vitamin A) that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. The Retinoic acid interacts with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) which then regulate the target gene expression[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    300.44

    Formula

    C20H28O2

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to yellow

    SMILES

    CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(O)=O)=C(C)CCC1

    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage

    -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (166.42 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.3285 mL 16.6423 mL 33.2845 mL
    5 mM 0.6657 mL 3.3285 mL 6.6569 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM); Suspended solution

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  50% PEG300    50% PBS

      Solubility: 5 mg/mL (16.64 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 40°C

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.74%

    References
    Cell Assay
    [3]

    P19 cell are induced to undergo neuronal differentiation according to established procedures. Briefly, cells are cultured on 1% agarose-coated 10 cm dishes at 3×10 5 cells/mL in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Differentiation is induced by addition of Retinoic acid (1 μM) and medium containing Retinoic acid replaced 2 days later. On day 4, cell aggregates are collected by centrifugation, separated to single cells by trypsin/EDTA treatment, replated onto poly-L-lysine-coated plates, and cultured in α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% FBS. On day 6, medium is replaced with neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement and 2 mM GlutaMAX. Medium is replaced every 2 days for an additional week[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 3.3285 mL 16.6423 mL 33.2845 mL 83.2113 mL
    5 mM 0.6657 mL 3.3285 mL 6.6569 mL 16.6423 mL
    10 mM 0.3328 mL 1.6642 mL 3.3285 mL 8.3211 mL
    15 mM 0.2219 mL 1.1095 mL 2.2190 mL 5.5474 mL
    20 mM 0.1664 mL 0.8321 mL 1.6642 mL 4.1606 mL
    25 mM 0.1331 mL 0.6657 mL 1.3314 mL 3.3285 mL
    30 mM 0.1109 mL 0.5547 mL 1.1095 mL 2.7737 mL
    40 mM 0.0832 mL 0.4161 mL 0.8321 mL 2.0803 mL
    50 mM 0.0666 mL 0.3328 mL 0.6657 mL 1.6642 mL
    60 mM 0.0555 mL 0.2774 mL 0.5547 mL 1.3869 mL
    80 mM 0.0416 mL 0.2080 mL 0.4161 mL 1.0401 mL
    100 mM 0.0333 mL 0.1664 mL 0.3328 mL 0.8321 mL
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