2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W010520
    Methylisothiazolinone
    		Inducer 99.07%
    Methylothiazolinone is a bacterial and fungal inhibitor and preservative, as well as a sensitizer. Methylisothiazolinone can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells to induce apoptosis and inflammatory response. Methylisothiazolinone can promote the development of atopic dermatitis in mice by disrupting Th2/Th17 related immune responses. Methylisothiazolinone can cause mitochondrial damage in the endothelium of rat cerebral blood vessels.
    Methylisothiazolinone
  • HY-N2565
    Rosamultin
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    Rosamultin is a 19 α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid isolated from Potentilla anserina?L. Rosamultin has inhibitory effects against HIV-1 protease. Rosamultin has the potential for treating H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury through its antioxidant and antiapoptosis effects.
    Rosamultin
  • HY-B0886A
    Iproniazid
    		Activator 99.91%
    Iproniazid is an orally active, irreversible, non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Iproniazid inhibits MAO activity and enhances Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced Apoptosis. Iproniazid modulates neurotransmitter levels, affects neuronal function, induces hepatic necrosis, and interferes with the endocrine system. Iproniazid can be used in the research of depression, Parkinson's disease, and hepatotoxicity.
    Iproniazid
  • HY-N4202
    Dihydrorotenone
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Dihydrorotenone is an insecticide and irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. Dihydrorotenone may induce Parkinson's disease. Dihydrorotenone induces apoptosis in human plasma cells by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating the p38 signaling pathway. The oral LD50 of dihydrorotenone in rats is approximately 2.5 g/kg. Dihydrorotenone exhibits insecticide activity and cytotoxicity to plasma cells. Dihydrorotenone can be used to establish animal models of Parkinson's disease, safety assessment of natural pesticides, and potential cancer chemoprevention studies.
    Dihydrorotenone
  • HY-161536
    PROTAC EGFR degrader 9
    		Inducer 98.35%
    PROTAC EGFR degrader 9 (Compound C6) is an orally active CRBN-based PROTAC EGFR degrader. PROTAC EGFR degrader 9 exhibits a DC50 of 10.2 nM and a Kd of 240.2 nM against EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S. PROTAC EGFR degrader 9 exhibits potent degradation activity against various EGFR mutants, while sparing the EGFRWT. (Blue: CRBN ligand (HY-A0003), Black: linker (HY-161613); Pink: EGFR inhibitor (HY-161537)).
    PROTAC EGFR degrader 9
  • HY-N6967
    Levomenol
    		Inhibitor 99.22%
    Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active.
    Levomenol
  • HY-N6744
    Chaetoglobosin A
    		Inducer 99.07%
    Chaetoglobosin A is a secondary metabolite and nematicide. Chaetoglobosin A is produced by Penicillium aquamarinium. Chaetoglobosin A targets Filamentous actin in cells, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting membrane ruffle formation and cell migration. Chaetoglobosin A preferentially induces Apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Chaetoglobosin A induces dose- and time-dependent death in J2 larvae of the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Chaetoglobosin A can be used in studies related to root-knot nematode disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
    Chaetoglobosin A
  • HY-P6440
    Met-12
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    Met-12 is a small peptide inhibitor of the Fas receptor. Met-12 can inhibit Fas receptor-mediated photoreceptor cell apoptosis, reduce Caspase activation. Met-12 can be used in the research of photoreceptor.
    Met-12
  • HY-10181S
    Dasatinib-d8
    		Inducer 99.15%
    Dasatinib-d8 (BMS-354825-d8) is a deuterium labeled Dasatinib. Dasatinib is a dual Bcr-Abl and Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
    Dasatinib-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-N3442
    Juglanin
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Juglanin, a occurring flavonoid that can be isolated from crude Polygonum aviculare, is a JNK acticator, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities. Juglanin can induce apoptosis and autophagy on human breast cancer cells.
    Juglanin
  • HY-139702
    α5β1 integrin agonist-1
    		Inducer 99.67%
    α5β1 integrin agonist-1 is an α5β1 integrin agonist, with an EC50 of 1.5 nM. α5β1 integrin agonist-1 inhabits α4β1 integrin (IC50 = 2.99 μM) in Jurkat/VCAM-1 adhesion assayα5β1 integrin agonist-1 induces concentration-dependent apoptosis and activates the caspase 3/7 pathway in α5β1 integrin-expressing K562 cancer cells. α5β1 integrin agonist-1 can be used for the study of cancer.
    α5β1 integrin agonist-1
  • HY-130237
    Cinnamtannin B-1
    		Inducer 99.16%
    Cinnamtannin B-1 is a anthocyanidin. Cinnamtannin B-1 inhibits the osteoclast formation by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathway and ROS generation. Cinnamtannin B-1 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Cinnamtannin B-1 is orally active.
    Cinnamtannin B-1
  • HY-P1380A
    Difopein TFA
    		Inducer
    Difopein TFA is a 14-3-3 protein inhibitor. Difopein TFA acts as an apoptosis inducer, regulates apoptosis-related proteins, downregulates Bcl-2, upregulates Bax, activates caspase-9 and caspase-3, and induces nuclear fragmentation, membrane-enclosed apoptotic bodies and DNA ladder formation. Difopein TFA serves as a tumor growth inhibitor, which inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells and induces their apoptosis in in vivo nude mouse models. Difopein TFA is applicable to glioma-related research.
    Difopein TFA
  • HY-118020A
    Loliolide
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Loliolide (Loliolid) is a β-carotene metabolite. Loliolide reduces caspase 3, 8, 9 expression, enhances PI3K, AKT, SIRT1, inhibits ROS, apoptosis, and blocks NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Loliolide protects mitochondria, reduces oxidative stress, and increases cell viability in neuroblastoma cells. Loliolide can be used for the research of UV-induced skin damage and Parkinson’s disease.
    Loliolide
  • HY-N0109R
    Salidroside (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Salidroside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salidroside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salidroside (Rhodioloside) is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
    Salidroside (Standard)
  • HY-W181530
    NCT02
    		Inducer 98.14%
    NCT02 is a molecular glue degrader based on the E3 ubiquitin ligase DDB1 that targets CDK12 and its binding partner CCNK. NCT02 triggers the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CCNK, thereby downregulating CDK12 protein levels and inhibiting its downstream signaling pathways. NCT02 can induce tumor cell apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, and selectively inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells carrying TP53 defects or belonging to the consensus molecular subtype CMS4. NCT02 has the potential to inhibit tumor growth in in vitro and in vivo models.
    NCT02
  • HY-162412
    PROTAC AR/AR-V7 degrader-1
    		Inducer 99.72%
    PROTAC AR/AR-V7 degrader-1 (27c) is a PROTAC-based and dual AR, AR-V7 degrader, with DC50 values of 2.67 and 2.64 μM for AR and AR-V7, respectively. PROTAC AR/AR-V7 degrader-1 (27c) induces apoptosis (Red: AR antagonist; Blue: E3 ligase ligand; Black: linker).
    PROTAC AR/AR-V7 degrader-1
  • HY-125305
    Z-AEVD-FMK
    		Inhibitor
    Z-AEVD-FMK is a caspase-10 inhibitor. Z-AEVD-FMK can inhibit the activation of Bid and the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in mitochondria in cells, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells.
    Z-AEVD-FMK
  • HY-101478
    Fenobam
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Fenobam is a selective and orally active mGluR5 antagonist (IC50=84 nM) that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Fenobam shows the Kd values of 54 nM and 31 nM on rat and human recombinant mGlu5 receptors, respectively. Fenobam has anxiolytic activity, inhibits self-administration behavior in mice, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Fenobam can be used for research on neurological diseases, cancer and drug addiction.
    Fenobam
  • HY-134061
    Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide
    		99.47%
    Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide is an agonist of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and has the activity of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The application of arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide has shown that it can reduce the number of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and induce apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at specific concentrations. Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide can also arrest cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and increase the percentage of abnormal mitosis. Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide is more sensitizing to ovarian surface epithelial cells with higher M2 receptor levels than to cancer cells. Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide exhibits the effect of lowering arterial blood pressure when interacting with the cardiovascular system in a natural physiological state, indicating its potential pharmacological application.
    Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity