2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-111954
    (+)-Erinacin A
    		99.81%
    (+)-Erinacin A (Erinacine A) is a cyanoditerpenoid isolated from Hericium erinaceus with anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. (+)-Erinacin A can induce cancer cell death by activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. (+)-Erinacin A can also inhibit the expression of NO synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitrotyrosine to exert inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, thereby reducing ischemic brain damage.
    (+)-Erinacin A
  • HY-B0886
    Iproniazid phosphate
    		Activator 99.92%
    Iproniazid phosphate is an orally active, irreversible, non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Iproniazid phosphate inhibits MAO activity and enhances Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced Apoptosis. Iproniazid phosphate modulates neurotransmitter levels, affects neuronal function, induces hepatic necrosis, and interferes with the endocrine system. Iproniazid phosphate can be used in the research of depression, Parkinson's disease, and hepatotoxicity.
    Iproniazid phosphate
  • HY-116057
    Stemazole
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Stemazole is a protective agent that promotes stem cell survival. Stemazole has the protective effect of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Stemazole enhances clonal expansion of single cells and decreases apoptosis. Stemazole for the study of stem cell survival in starvation culture .
    Stemazole
  • HY-106784
    Ajoene
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Ajoene, a garlic-derived compound, is an antithrombotic and antifungal agent. Ajoene inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human leukaemia CD34-negative cells including HL-60, U937, HEL and OCIM-I. Anticancer activities.
    Ajoene
  • HY-N2115
    Araloside A
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV), triterpenoid saponins, is an orally active component of Aralia elata. Araloside A shows low-renin-inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 77.4 μM. Araloside A can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Araloside A suppresses inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 production. Araloside A can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as renal cell carcinoma and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Araloside A
  • HY-N3387
    Licoricidin
    		Inducer 98.00%
    Licoricidin (LCD) is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, possesses anti-cancer activities. Licoricidin (LCD) inhibit SW480 cells (IC50=7.2 μM) by inducing cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy, and is a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer. Licoricidin (LCD) inhibits Lung Metastasis by inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as changes in the local microenvironment of tumor tissues the anticarcinogenic effect. Licoricidin enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in Osteosarcoma (OS) cells by inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo. Licoricidin blocks UVA-induced photoaging via ROS scavenging, limits the activity of MMP-1, it can be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti-ageing formulations.
    Licoricidin
  • HY-110293
    CHMFL-FLT3-122
    		Inducer 98.47%
    CHMFL-FLT3-122 is a potent, selective and orally active FLT3 kinase with an IC50 of 40 nM. CHMFL-FLT3-122 shows selectivity for FLT3 over BTK (IC50 of 421 nM) and c-KIT (IC50 of 559 nM) kinases. CHMFL-FLT3-122 induces apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle into the G0/G1 phase.
    CHMFL-FLT3-122
  • HY-19696S1
    Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4 is deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
    Tauroursodeoxycholate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B0016R
    Capecitabine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Capecitabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capecitabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capecitabine is an oral proagent that is converted to its active metabolite, 5-FU, by thymidine phosphorylase.
    Capecitabine (Standard)
  • HY-B0227S
    Ketoprofen-d3
    		Inducer 99.8%
    Ketoprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
    Ketoprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-140942
    Biotin-PEG6-Thalidomide
    		Inducer 98.42%
    Biotin-PEG6-Thalidomide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.
    Biotin-PEG6-Thalidomide
  • HY-153797
    Dox-btn2
    		Inducer 98.80%
    Dox-btn2 is a biotin labeled Doxorubicin (HY-15142A), with a biotin label at the point of conjugation to doxorubicin at 3'-NH2. Dox-btn2 can be used for cell imaging. While Doxorubicin is mainly accumulated in the nucleus, while Dox-btn2 is mainly located in the cytoplasm.
    Dox-btn2
  • HY-114275
    Justicidin B
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Justicidin B is a potent anticancer lignan and proapoptotic agent. Justicidin B is also a bone resorption inhibitor, and has strong antiviral, fungicidal, antiprotozoal effects. Justicidin B significantly inhibits platelet aggregation.
    Justicidin B
  • HY-N2303
    Eriocalyxin B
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Eriocalyxin B is a diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Chinese herb Isodon eriocalyx. Eriocalyxin B exhibits multiple activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Eriocalyxin B is capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. Eriocalyxin B can be used in the research of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.
    Eriocalyxin B
  • HY-N7363
    Isolongifolene
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Murraya koenigii. Isolongifolene attenuates Rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through the regulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways. Isolongifolene has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotective properties.
    Isolongifolene
  • HY-12331
    KRCA-0008
    		Inducer
    KRCA-0008 is a selective ALK/Ack1 inhibitor with IC50s of 12 and 4 nM for ALK and Ack1, respectively. KRCA-0008 can be used for the research of cancer.
    KRCA-0008
  • HY-112338
    C188
    		Inducer 98.29%
    C188 (CPD188) is a STAT3 inhibitor with anticancer effects. C188 inhibits STAT3 SH2/pY-peptide binding (IC50 of 20 µM against pY-peptide binding) and IL-6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. C188 is selective for STAT3 over STAT1. C188 inhibits nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of Stat3. C188 shows highly active induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with constitutive Stat3 activation (EC50s of 0.73 µM, 3.96 µM, and 7.01 µM in MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cultures, respectively).
    C188
  • HY-N6576
    Hellebrigenin
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Hellebrigenin is an inhibitor that selectively targets the MAPK signaling pathway (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, and can inhibit Akt expression and phosphorylation. Hellebrigenin can activate endogenous apoptosis pathways (such as mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, PARP cleavage), downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and upregulate pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak). Hellebrigenin can also induce DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway. Hellebrigenin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and clone formation, and is mainly used in the study of oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers.
    Hellebrigenin
  • HY-18982R
    Anisomycin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Anisomycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Anisomycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Anisomycin is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor which interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system[1]. Anisomycin is a JNK activator, which increases phospho-JNK[2][3]. Anisomycin is a bacterial antibiotic[4].
    Anisomycin (Standard)
  • HY-158783
    SACLAC
    		Inducer 99.70%
    SACLAC, a Ceramide analog, is a potent and covalent acid ceramidase (ASAH1; AC) inhibitor with a Ki of 97.1 nM. SACLAC effectively blocks AC activity and induces a decrease in sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and total ceramide levels. SACLAC reduces the levels of splicing factor SF3B1 and alternative Mcl-1 mRNA splicing, increases pro-apoptotic Mcl-1S levels to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. SACLAC reduces the leukemic burden in human AML xenograft mouse models.
    SACLAC
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity