2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-181650
    T133
    		Inducer
    T133 is an orally active ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.34 nM and a Ki of 0.17 nM. T133 suppresses phosphorylation of AKT, S6K1, and 4EBP1. T133 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. T133 exhibits dose-dependent antitumor efficacy in xenograft mouse models. T133 can be used for the research of cancer, such as gastric cancer and lung cancer.
    T133
  • HY-157758
    (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-pyrimidine-piperazine-C2-O-CH2-COO-C(CH3)3
    		Inducer
    (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-pyrimidine-piperazine-C2-O-CH2-COO-C(CH3)3 is a conjugate of E3 ligase ligand and linker, consisting of Thalidomide (HY-14658) and the corresponding Linker . (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-pyrimidine-piperazine-C2-O-CH2-COO-C(CH3)3 can serve as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein and serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of complete PROTAC molecules.
    (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-pyrimidine-piperazine-C2-O-CH2-COO-C(CH3)3
  • HY-P1613
    Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val)
    		Inducer
    Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) (Cyclo(RGDfV)) is an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) has antitumor activity. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val)
  • HY-184243
    ISR/ROS-activator-1
    		Inducer
    ISR/ROS-activator-1 is a naphthoquinone compound derived from Shikonin (HY-N0822), and also dual activator of the ISR/ROS pathway. ISR/ROS-activator-1 induces Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. ISR/ROS-activator-1 selectively inhibits gastric cancer. ISR/ROS-activator-1 is applicable to gastric cancer-related research.
    ISR/ROS-activator-1
  • HY-122686
    USP25/28-IN-2
    		Inducer
    USP25/28-IN-2 is a selectivity dual USP25/28 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.88 and 1.1 μM, respectively. USP25/28-IN-2 modulates USP25 and USP28 activity to affect downstream pathways, modulates c-Myc oncoprotein total levels and half-life, induces apoptosis, reduces cell viability. USP25/28-IN-2 can be used for the research of colorectal carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma.
    USP25/28-IN-2
  • HY-W040329S3
    2'-Deoxyadenosine-15N5,d13
    		Inducer
    2'-Deoxyadenosine-15N5,d13 is deuterium and 15N labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329). 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer.
    2'-Deoxyadenosine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>5</sub>,d<sub>13</sub>
  • HY-N1302
    Shizukaol D
    Shizukaol D is a dimeric sesquiterpene isolated from Chloranthus serratus. Shizukaol D induces apoptosis and attenuated Wnt signalling.
    Shizukaol D
  • HY-178152
    RuOPt
    		Inducer
    RuOPt is a photoactivatable Ru(II)-Pt(IV) complex with reduced dark toxicity. Under irradiation, RuOPt induces apoptosis, generates ROS, and inhibits tumor spheroid growth, demonstrating comparable phototoxicity.
    RuOPt
  • HY-17507S
    Pantoprazole-d6
    		Inducer
    Pantoprazole-d6 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142).
    Pantoprazole-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-176162
    BJ-13
    		Inducer
    BJ-13 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that can lead to mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and caspase-dependent apoptosis. BJ-13 inhibits the proliferation of SGC-7901, U-87MG, and HepG-2 cancer cells (IC50 values of 15.33, 27.18, and 20.44 nM, respectively). BJ-13 can be used in the study of gastric cancer.
    BJ-13
  • HY-P99264A
    Inotuzumab (powder)
    		Inducer
    Inotuzumab (Humanized Anti-CD22 Recombinant Antibody) (powder) is a humanized IgG4κ antibody that targets human CD22. Inotuzumab (powder) can be linked to a toxic agent Ozogamicin as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), Inotuzumab ozogamicin (HY-P9959). Inotuzumab (powder) can be used for the research of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. x
    Inotuzumab (powder)
  • HY-179480
    G-quadruplex ligand 4
    		Inducer
    G-quadruplex ligand 4 is a chromenone derivative and is a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) G4 ligand. G-quadruplex ligand 4 downregulates hTERT expression and exhibits notable cytotoxicity towards triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. G-quadruplex ligand 4 can cause S/G2 cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis. G-quadruplex ligand 4 downregulates the expression of hTERT, KRAS, and BCL-2. G-quadruplex ligand 4 can be used for the research of TNBC.
    G-quadruplex ligand 4
  • HY-155051
    Antiproliferative agent-25
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-25 (Compound 3s4) is a selective PRMT5 inhibitor (IC50: 0.11 μM). Antiproliferative agent-25 up-regulates hnRNP E1 protein level. Antiproliferative agent-25 forms H-bond interactions with SAM and E444 residue of PRMT5. Antiproliferative agent-25 has antiproliferative effects against A549 cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration. Antiproliferative agent-25 has high clearances with T1/2 of only 21.8 and 4.7 min in human and rat liver microsomes.
    Antiproliferative agent-25
  • HY-135336BS
    (Rac)-Verapamil-d7 (hydrochloride)
    (Rac)-Verapamil-d7 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled (Rac)-Verapamil.
    (Rac)-Verapamil-d<sub>7</sub> (hydrochloride)
  • HY-161340
    Anti-melanoma agent 2
    		Inducer
    Anti-melanoma agent 2 (Compound IId) is a steroid hybrid that effectively induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and causes apoptosis. Anti-melanoma agent 2 shows anti-melanoma effects.
    Anti-melanoma agent 2
  • HY-118988
    CAY10506
    CAY10506 is a PPARγ ligand that can induce cell death and ROS production in a PPARγ-dependent manner in vitro. CAY10506 exhibits radiosensitizing effects, enhancing γ-radiations-induced apoptosis and caspase-3-mediated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. CAY10506 can be used in cancer research.
    CAY10506
  • HY-110319
    (E/Z)-Daporinad hydrochloride
    (E/Z)-Daporinad hydrochloride ((E/Z)-FK866 hydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribose transferase (NAMPT). (E/Z)-Daporinad hydrochloride induces apoptosis by specifically inhibiting NAMPT to gradually deplete intracellular NAD+. (E/Z)-Daporinad hydrochloride can be used in the study of cancer biology and inflammatory diseases.
    (E/Z)-Daporinad hydrochloride
  • HY-162910
    HDAC-IN-79
    		Inducer
    HDAC-IN-79 (compound 4) is an orally active dual xanthine oxidase-HDAC inhibitor (Xanthine oxidase: IC50=6.6 nM; HDAC1: IC50=134 nM; HDAC2: IC50=284 nM; HDAC3: IC50=173 nM; HDAC6: IC50=1.32 nM;), with significant in vivo anti-hyperuricemia and anti-tumor activities. HDAC-IN-79 is the most potent cell growth inhibitor (IC50=0.706 μM) of leukemia HL60 cells, induces apoptosis and autophagy, and can regulate the expression levels of signature biomarkers associated with intracellular HDAC inhibition.
    HDAC-IN-79
  • HY-W009929
    AC-45594
    		Inducer 99.94%
    AC-45594 (4-(Hexyloxy)phenol) is a UPR activator. AC-45594 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), and drives the transition from adaptive stress signaling to terminal stress signaling, ultimately leading to cell Apoptosis. AC-45594 activates Caspase-3, induces PARP cleavage, and increases the protein level of DR5. AC-45594 selectively inhibits the growth of Ewing sarcoma cells.
    AC-45594
  • HY-178343
    Aurora A-IN-5
    		Inducer
    Aurora A-IN-5 is a potent and highly selective Aurora A inhibitor (IC50 = 0.02 μM), showing 362-fold selectivity for over Aurora B. Aurora A-IN-5 shows its selectivity through unique C−H/π interactions, enhanced hydrophobic contacts, an open binding pocket, and tighter protein packing. Aurora A-IN-5 suppresses Aurora A autophosphorylation, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase arrest, triggering apoptosis, and suppressing colony formation. Aurora A-IN-5 inhibits tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. Aurora A-IN-5 can be used for breast, cervical, prostate, and lymphoma cancer research.
    Aurora A-IN-5
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity