2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-153274
    CWI1-2
    		Inducer 98.85%
    CWI1-2 is an IGF2BP2 inhibitor that binds IGF2BP2 and inhibits its interaction with m6A-modified target transcripts, induces apoptosis and differentiation, and shows promising anti-leukemic effects.
    CWI1-2
  • HY-108521
    HX531
    		Activator 99.87%
    HX531 is an orally active RXR antagonist with an IC50 of 18 nM. HX531 upregulates the p53-p21Cip1 pathway. HX531 abrogates the anti-apoptotic effect of t-RA. HX531 exerts anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and anti-melanoma activities.
    HX531
  • HY-16594
    Lactacystin
    		Inducer 98.24%
    Lactacystin is a potent, orally active, irreversible, cell-permeable, selective 20S proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM). Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosisand cell cycle arrest, and has antiviral and antioxidative activity. Lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth and hypertension. Lactacystin has the potential for the research of cancer, Neurological Disease, hypertension and Malaria, and so on[2] [6] .
    Lactacystin
  • HY-10324
    D4476
    		Inducer 99.89%
    D4476 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of casein kinase 1(CK1) with an IC50 value of 0.3 μM in vitro.
    D4476
  • HY-N0411
    β-Carotene
    		Inducer 99.25%
    β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene
  • HY-17408
    Mevastatin
    		Inducer 99.08%
    Mevastatin (Compactin) is a first HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that belongs to the statins class. Mevastatin is a lipid-lowering agent, and induces apoptosis, arrests cancer cells in G0/G1 phase. Mevastatin also increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein levels. Mevastatin has antitumor activity and has the potential for cardiovascular diseases treatment.
    Mevastatin
  • HY-134964
    CTB
    		Inducer 99.93%
    CTB is a potent p300 histone acetyltransferase activator. CTB can effectively induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
    CTB
  • HY-90009A
    Tadalafil
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Tadalafil (IC-351) is a PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM.
    Tadalafil
  • HY-18938
    Selonsertib
    		Inducer 99.05%
    Selonsertib (GS-4997), an orally bioavailable, selective apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor with a pIC50 of 8.3, has been evaluated as an experimental treatment for diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis.
    Selonsertib
  • HY-13264
    Degrasyn
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Degrasyn (WP1130) is a cell-permeable deubiquitinase (DUB) inhibitor, directly inhibiting DUB activity of USP9x, USP5, USP14, and UCH37. Degrasyn has been shown to downregulate the antiapoptotic proteins Bcr-Abl and JAK2.
    Degrasyn
  • HY-B1135
    Benzbromarone
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Benzbromarone is an orally active anti-gout agent. Benzbromarone has anti-infammatory, anti-oxidative stress and nephroprotective effects. Benzbromarone can be used for the research of hyperuricemia and gout.
    Benzbromarone
  • HY-109539
    Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
    		Inducer 98.00%
    Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a humanized immunoglobulin (IgG4) antibody directed against CD33 that is conjugated to the cytotoxic agent Calicheamicin (HY-19609). The antibody portion is Gemtuzumab (HY-P99971), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is N-Ac-γ-Calicheamicin-AcBut-NHS ester (HY-103688). Gemtuzumab ozogamicin can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
  • HY-103312
    Xestospongin C
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Xestospongin C ((-)-Xestospongin C) is a selective, reversible inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor. Xestospongin C acts as an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump of internal stores. Xestospongin C blocks IP3-induced Ca2+ release from cerebellar microsomes with an IC50 of 358 nM. Xestospongin C is a valuable tool for investigating the structure and function of IP3Rs and Ca2+ signaling in neuronal and nonneuronal cells.
    Xestospongin C
  • HY-122272
    Paroxetine
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    Paroxetine is an oral inhibitor that falls under the category of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Paroxetine is also a very weak norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor, capable of inducing cell apoptosis and having anti-tumor activity. Paroxetine has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and pain-relieving effects, and it can help improve conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual anxiety, and chronic headaches.
    Paroxetine
  • HY-10474
    Torkinib
    		Inducer 99.03%
    Torkinib (PP 242) is a selective and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. PP242 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50s of 30 nM and 58 nM, respectively.
    Torkinib
  • HY-15224
    PCI-34051
    		Inducer 99.84%
    PCI-34051 is a potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM, with >200-fold selectivity over the other HDAC isoforms.
    PCI-34051
  • HY-13555
    β-Lapachone
    		Inducer 99.96%
    β-Lapachone (ARQ-501;NSC-26326) is a naturally occurring O-naphthoquinone, acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycle progression.
    β-Lapachone
  • HY-B1751
    Quinidine (15% dihydroquinidine)
    		Inducer 98.36%
    Quinidine (15% dihydroquinidine) is an antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine is a potent, orally active, selective cytochrome P450db inhibitor. Quinidine is also a K+ channel blocker with an IC50 of 19.9 μM, and can induce apoptosis. Quinidine can be used for malaria research.
    Quinidine (15% dihydroquinidine)
  • HY-100543
    Zenidolol
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Zenidolol (ICI-118551) is a selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with Ki values of Zenidolol for β2, β1 and β3 adrenergic receptors of 0.7, 49.5 and 611 nM, respectively. Zenidolol exerts antitumor effects via inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor sphere formation, and downregulating the HIF pathway by blocking β2-AR on tumor cells. Zenidolol exhibits a unique pulmonary vessel-specific vasodilatory effect in mouse models. Zenidolol can be used as an intraocular pressure-lowering agent in ophthalmic disease research.
    Zenidolol
  • HY-15454
    Xevinapant
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Xevinapant (AT-406) is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of IAPs, and it binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Ki of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively.
    Xevinapant
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity