2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-174457
    STAT3/CAIX-IN-1
    		Inducer
    STAT3/CAIX-IN-1 is a dual-target inhibitor of STAT3 (Kd: 60.03 μM) and CAIX (IC50: 80.45 nM). STAT3/CAIX-IN-1 induces ferroptosis by increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides. STAT3/CAIX-IN-1 inhibits cell migration, induces apoptosis, and causes cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. STAT3/CAIX-IN-1 can be used for the study of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    STAT3/CAIX-IN-1
  • HY-B1452S1
    Licofelone-d6
    Licofelone-d6 is the deuterium labeled Licofelone. Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=0.21/0.18 μM, respectively) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Licofelone exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
    Licofelone-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W584516
    Thalidomide-5-NH-CH2-COO(t-Bu)
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-NH-CH2-COO(t-Bu) is a t-Bu modified Thalidomide (HY-14658), which acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein. The t-Bu protecting group at the end of Thalidomide-5-NH-CH2-COO(t-Bu) can be removed under acidic conditions to participate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules. Thalidomide-5-NH-CH2-COO(t-Bu) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of CRBN-based PROTAC molecules.
    Thalidomide-5-NH-CH2-COO(t-Bu)
  • HY-N17653
    13'-Carboxy-δ-tocopherol
    		Inducer
    13'-Carboxy-δ-tocopherol is a metabolite of long-chain vitamin E.13'-Carboxy-δ-tocopherol exhibits antiproliferative properties in cancer cells. 13'-Carboxy-δ-tocopherol activates caspase-3, caspase-9, causes PARP-1 cleavage, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, increases ROS formation, and drives apoptosis.13'-Carboxy-δ-tocopherol can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    13'-Carboxy-δ-tocopherol
  • HY-90009AS
    Tadalafil-13C2,d3
    		Inducer
    Tadalafil-13C2,d3 is 13C and deuterated labeled Tadalafil (HY-90009A). Tadalafil (IC-351) is a PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM.
    Tadalafil-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-122943
    Moracin D
    		Inducer
    Moracin D is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Morus alba. Moracin D induces cell apoptosis and shows hypoglycemic, antiadipogenic, antifungal and antitumor effects. Moracin D can be used for fungal infection and breast cancer research.
    Moracin D
  • HY-113056AS1
    N1-Acetylspermidine-d3 hydrochloride
    N1-Acetylspermidine-d3 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride (HY-113056A). N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride is an acetyl derivative of polyamines and a substrate for polyamine oxidase (PAO). N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride can promote Apoptosis in combination with Procyanidins. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride has a certain cleavage efficiency at apurinic sites of DNA. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride can be used in colorectal cancer research.
    N1-Acetylspermidine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-146666
    STAT3-IN-9
    		Inducer
    STAT3-IN-9 is a potent STAT3 inhibitor. STAT3-IN-9 inhibits the activation of STAT3 (Tyr705) without influencing the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Tyr701). STAT3-IN-9 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
    STAT3-IN-9
  • HY-182510
    NTZ-24
    		Inducer
    NTZ-24 is a selective STAT3 pathway inhibitor. NTZ-24 suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705, blocks STAT3-DNA interaction, and downregulates the levels of STAT3 downstream target proteins. NTZ-24 induces cell-cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. NTZ-24 exerts significant antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 3.3 μM). NTZ-24 can be used for the research of cervical cancer.
    NTZ-24
  • HY-N0072R
    Brazilin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Brazilin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Brazilin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Brazilin (Standard)
  • HY-B0349R
    Meclizine dihydrochloride (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Meclizine (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Meclizine (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Meclizine (Meclozine) dihydrochloride, an antihistamine, reversibly inhibits the interaction of histamine at the H1 receptors. Meclizine dihydrochloride is a member of the piperazine class of H1 antagonists. Meclizine dihydrochloride is an effective anti-motion sickness agent. Meclizine dihydrochloride crosses the blood-brain barrier. Meclizine dihydrochloride can be used for the research of polyQ toxicity disorders, such as Huntington's disease. Meclizine dihydrochloride is an agonist ligand for mouse constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and an inverse agonist for Human CAR.
    Meclizine dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N13063
    Anticancer agent 235
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 235 (Compound 49) is a modulator for PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, that promotes the generation of ROS, reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells HCT116, Caco-2, AGS and SMMC-772 with IC50 of 0.35-26.9 μM. Anticancer agent 235 arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in HCT116.
    Anticancer agent 235
  • HY-174989
    ATM-IN-2
    		Inducer
    ATM-IN-2 is a selective and orally active ATM inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM. ATM-IN-2 exhibits excellent kinase selectivity (>700-fold over PIKK family members). ATM-IN-2 exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting ATM phosphorylation and the downstream signaling pathways (p53, H2AX), and promotes cell apoptosis. ATM-IN-2 can be used for the study of chemosensitizer candidate such as colon cancer.
    ATM-IN-2
  • HY-W011303S
    Phytosphingosine-d7
    		Inducer
    Phytosphingosine-d7 (4-Hydroxysphinganine-d7) is deuterium labeled Phytosphingosine. Phytosphingosine is a phospholipid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities, which can induce apoptosis. Phytosphingosine is an immune regulator and can be used in the study of inflammatory skin diseases. Phytosphingosine is also an activator of GPR120 with an IC50 value of 33.4 μM and can be used in the study of type II diabetes.
    Phytosphingosine-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-173039
    α-Tubulin polymerization-IN-1
    		Inducer
    α-Tubulin polymerization-IN-1 (Compound 8l) is an inhibitor for α-Tubulin polymerization. α-Tubulin polymerization-IN-1 modulates the NRF2/KEAP-1 signaling pathway, induces ROS generation in PC-3 cell, thereby inducing apoptosis in PC-3. α-Tubulin polymerization-IN-1 inhibits the proliferation of PC-3 cell with a GI50 of 0.17 µM, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase. α-Tubulin polymerization-IN-1 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model.
    α-Tubulin polymerization-IN-1
  • HY-181078
    Cephalotaxine-ester-(R)-1-ethoxy-3-mercaptopropan-2-ol-Ph(3,4OMe)
    		Inducer
    Cephalotaxine-ester-(R)-1-ethoxy-3-mercaptopropan-2-ol-Ph (3,4OMe) is an anti-leukemic agent with potent ribosome-targeting protein synthesis inhibition. Cephalotaxine-ester-(R)-1-ethoxy-3-mercaptopropan-2-ol-Ph (3,4OMe) downregulates short-lived oncoproteins, including c-Myc and Mcl-1, by inhibiting protein synthesis. Cephalotaxine-ester-(R)-1-ethoxy-3-mercaptopropan-2-ol-Ph (3,4OMe) induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Cephalotaxine-ester-(R)-1-ethoxy-3-mercaptopropan-2-ol-Ph (3,4OMe) is applicable for research on leukemia.
    Cephalotaxine-ester-(R)-1-ethoxy-3-mercaptopropan-2-ol-Ph(3,4OMe)
  • HY-N0605R
    Ginsenoside Rh2 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ginsenoside Rh2 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rh2. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.
    Ginsenoside Rh2 (Standard)
  • HY-146409
    Antitumor agent-59
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-59 (Compound 13b) is a potent antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-59 effectively inhibits the proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells. Antitumor agent-59 induces HCT116 cell apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
    Antitumor agent-59
  • HY-170409
    BNN27
    		Inhibitor
    BNN27 is the agonist for TrkA receptor and p75NTR receptor, that exhibits neurotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects. BNN27 increases the levels of glutamate, GABA, and glutamine in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, improves glutamate turnover. BNN27 exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in mouse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model, exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, exhibits retinal protective efficacy in rat diabete models. BNN27 is blood-brain barrier penetrable.
    BNN27
  • HY-10071A
    Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate is a ROCK inhibitor with Ki values of 220 nM and 300 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in systemic lupus erythematosus models by inhibiting the ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate enhances autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inducing apoptosis apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate induces the formation of tunneling nanotubes in ARPE-19 cells and significantly enhances mitochondrial transfer through these channels. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by activating the Rac1/NOX1/ROS/AKT/PAK1 signaling cascade.
    Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity