2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-175282
    ASX-173
    		Inducer 98.47%
    ASX-173 is an orally active inhibitor of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) (IC50 = 0.113 μM, Ki = 0.4 nM). ASX-173 enhances the anticancer activity of L-asparaginase (ASNase) (HY-P1923). ASX-173 disrupts nucleotide synthesis and induces leukemia cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in leukemia cells in combination with ASNase. ASX-173 slows the growth of OCI-AML2 xenografts in combination with ASNase. ASX-173 is indicated for the study of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, colorectal cancer, and other cancers.
    ASX-173
  • HY-17026R
    Gemcitabine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Gemcitabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gemcitabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis.
    Gemcitabine (Standard)
  • HY-P1633
    Protegrin-1
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Protegrin-1 is an orally active antibacterial peptide. Protegrin-1 activates ERK, COX2, NFκB, inhibits Apoptosis, and NO production. Protegrin-1 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM. Protegrin-1 has antiviral activity against dengue NS2B-NS3. Protegrin-1 has anti-inflammatory activity. Protegrin-1 is used in the study of inflammatory diseases and infections.
    Protegrin-1
  • HY-N0253
    Hederacoside C
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Hederacoside C (Kalopanaxsaponin B) is an ingredient that can be obtained mainly from ivy leaves. Hederacoside C mediates inflammation by inhibiting activation of MAPK/NF-κB and its downstream signaling pathway. Hederacoside C has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity.
    Hederacoside C
  • HY-122620
    Rafutrombopag (tautomerism)
    		Inhibitor 98.33%
    Rafutrombopag (tautomerism) (Hetrombopag) is an orally active nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR/MPL) agonist. Rafutrombopag can chelate iron and alleviate iron overload while promoting haematopoiesis. Rafutrombopag specifically stimulates proliferation and differentiation of human TPOR‐expressing cells, including 32D‐ MPL and human hematopoietic stem cells through stimulation of STAT, PI3K and ERK signalling pathways. Rafutrombopag effectively up-regulates G1-phase-related proteins, including p-RB, Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6, normalizes progression of the cell cycle, and prevents apoptosis by modulating BCL-XL/BAK expression in 32D-MPL cells. Rafutrombopag protects cardiomyocyte survival from oxidative stress damage as an enhancer of stem cells. Rafutrombopag can be used for the study of immune thrombocytopenia and oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease.
    Rafutrombopag (tautomerism)
  • HY-157562
    DS68591889
    		Inducer 99.18%
    DS68591889 is a selective and orally active phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) inhibitor. DS68591889 has no inhibitory activity against PTDSS2. DS68591889 induces the phospholipid imbalance in a wide range of cancer cells. DS68591889 negatively regulates B cell receptor (BCR)-induced Ca2+ signaling and subsequent apoptotic cell death. DS68591889 can be used for the cancer research, such as B cell lymphoma.
    DS68591889
  • HY-12036
    GSK1059615
    		Inducer 99.76%
    GSK1059615 is a dual inhibitor of PI3Kα/β/δ/γ (reversible) and mTOR with IC50 of 0.4 nM/0.6 nM/2 nM/5 nM and 12 nM, respectively.
    GSK1059615
  • HY-14804
    Tasisulam
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Tasisulam is a anticancer agent and induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, resulting in cytochrome c release and caspase-dependent cell death. Tasisulam inhibits mitotic progression and induces vascular normalization.
    Tasisulam
  • HY-17355A
    Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Dexpramipexole ((R)-Pramipexole) dihydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable mitochondrial protective agent. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride upregulates the expression of Parkin, PINK1, GPX4 and FSP1; binds to mitochondrial F1/Fo-ATP synthase; blocks the Nav1.8 sodium channel; and inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride induces mitophagy, inhibits ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, neuroinflammation and eosinophilopoiesis; maintains mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis; reduces reactive oxygen species production; and decreases myocardial infarct size. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride is applicable to studies on eosinophilic asthma, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, analgesia, and more.
    Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride
  • HY-10524
    GSK1904529A
    		Inducer 99.03%
    GSK1904529A is a potent, selective, orally active, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR), with IC50s of 27 and 25 nM, respectively. GSK1904529A shows poor activity (IC50>1 μM) in 45 other serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. GSK1904529A exhibits anti-tumor activity.
    GSK1904529A
  • HY-126034
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin
    		Activator 99.68%
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is a potent serine-protease and SrLip inhibitor (Ki for SrLip: 26.6 μM). 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is opened by serine proteases and then undergoes acylation with the enzyme, thereby inhibiting protease activity. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can induce DNA fragmentation and Apoptosis. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can be used in the research of multiple fields such as tumors, cardiovascular disease and enzyme catalytic mechanisms.
    3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin
  • HY-N2389
    Formosanin C
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Formosanin C is a diosgenin saponin with multiple biological activities. Formosanin C possesses multiple anti-tumor mechanisms, including inducing apoptosis and autophagy, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting metastasis and inducing ferroptosis. Formosanin C can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects, and enhance the activity of immune cells. Formosanin C exhibits the inhibiting effect against C. albicans. Formosanin C can be used for the study of anti-inflammation, antifungal anti and anti-cancer (including lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, etc.).
    Formosanin C
  • HY-B1452
    Licofelone
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=0.21/0.18 μM, respectively) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Licofelone exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
    Licofelone
  • HY-153274A
    CWI1-2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.27%
    CWI1-2 hydrochloride is an IGF2BP2 inhibitor that binds IGF2BP2 and inhibits its interaction with m6A-modified target transcripts, induces apoptosis and differentiation, and shows promising anti-leukemic effects.
    CWI1-2 hydrochloride
  • HY-N1472
    Levistolide A
    		Inducer 99.34%
    Levistolide A is an apoptosis inducer and a PEDV virus inhibitor. Levistolide A can induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells and suppress the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by promoting ROS generation. Levistolide A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in N2a/APP695swe cells and reduces excessive phosphorylation of tau through the GSK3α/β pathway, improving symptoms in Alzheimer’s mice. Levistolide A improves kidney damage in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice by inhibiting the RAS,TGF-β1/Smad, and MAPK pathways.
    Levistolide A
  • HY-15614A
    SC144 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.98%
    SC144 hydrochloride is a first-in-class, orally active gp130 (IL6-beta) inhibitor. SC144 hydrochloride binds gp130, induces gp130 phosphorylation (S782) and deglycosylation, abrogates Stat3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and further inhibits the expression of downstream target genes. SC144 hydrochloride shows potent inhibition of gp130 ligand-triggered signaling. SC144 hydrochloride induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells.
    SC144 hydrochloride
  • HY-13894
    Tyrphostin AG1296
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Tyrphostin AG1296 is a potent and selective inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), with an IC50 of 0.8 μM. Tyrphostin AG1296 inhibits signaling of human PDGF α- and β-receptors as well as of the related stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit). Tyrphostin AG1296 is also a potent inhibitor of FLT3, with an IC50 in the micromolar range.
    Tyrphostin AG1296
  • HY-N2193
    Hirsutine
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, exhibits anti-cancer activity. Hirsutine induces apoptosis and is a potent Dengue virus inhibitor exhibiting low cytotoxicity.
    Hirsutine
  • HY-121323
    Erucin
    		Inducer 98.15%
    Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate particularly abundant in arugula. Erucin shows anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Erucin
  • HY-N2534
    Karanjin
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Karanjin is an orally active furanoflavonoid which can be isolated from several Leguminosae. Karanjin exhibits evident anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticolitis, anti-ulcer, anti-Alzheimer properties and multiple insect repellent/insecticidal, acaricide properties, suggesting the potential of Karanjin to be applied to relevant research.
    Karanjin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity