2. Signalwege
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX
  5. COX Isoform

COX

Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2, initiating prostanoid biosynthesis that regulates inflammation, vascular homeostasis, pain signaling, and tissue responses to injury[1][2]. Mechanistically, COX enzymes contain two major isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyze the same biochemical reaction but differ in gene regulation, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, and substrate selectivity[1][2]. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and contributes to gastric mucosal protection, platelet function, and renal hemodynamic maintenance, whereas COX-2 is rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and pathological stimuli[1][3]. In disease models, increased COX-2 expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple cancer types, supporting its central role in inflammation-driven pathophysiology and tumor progression[1][2]. Compared with related isoforms, COX-2 contains a larger and more flexible substrate-binding channel that enables distinct inhibitor selectivity and broader fatty-acid utilization[1][4]. Therefore, selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain important experimental tools for dissecting prostaglandin-dependent signaling pathways, while COX-2-selective inhibitors have been widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and disease-associated prostanoid production[1][2][4].

COX Verwandte Produkte (734):

Art. -Nr. Produktname Wirkung Reinheit
  • HY-E70127
    Serratiopeptidase
    		Inhibitor
    Serratiopeptidase (Brasan; Dasen) is an orally active zinc-containing metalloprotease belonging to the serralysin family. Serratiopeptidase reduces the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes and interleukins by inhibiting COX, thereby relieving pain, swelling and redness. Serratiopeptidase exhibits antibiofilm, mucolytic and wound-healing activities. As a serine protease, Serratiopeptidase has the ability to dissolve blood clots, fibrin and atherosclerotic plaques. Serratiopeptidase degrades amyloid fibrils and has potential anti-Alzheimer's effects. Serratiopeptidase shows cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells.
  • HY-N4314
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive compound extracted from Eupatorium odoratum. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor activities. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the NF-κB pathway and regulates bacterial resistance through the inhibition of efflux pumps. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether accelerates coagulation time via the endogenous coagulation pathway. Studies have shown that Scutellarein tetramethyl ether can effectively inhibit the growth of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 (IC50= 20.08 μg/mL).
  • HY-101432
    Fenclozic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.52%
    Fenclozic acid (ICI-54450) is an orally active anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic agent. Fenclozic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in Edadjuvant-induced arthritis and Carrageenin-induced oedema in rats. Fenclozic acid can be used for the research of arthritis.
  • HY-B0227S
    Ketoprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.8%
    Ketoprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
  • HY-101482
    Ibuprofen piconol
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    Ibuprofen piconol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agent for the topical relief of primary thermal burns and sunburns.
  • HY-137789
    Tazofelone
    		Inhibitor 99.01%
    Tazofelone (LY 213829) is a cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) inhibitor. Tazofelone transform into sulfoxide and quinol metabolites is primarily mediated by CYP3A. Tazofelone can be used for the research of inflammatory bowel disease.
  • HY-N10303
    Withangulatin A
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Withangulatin A is the inhibitor for COX-2. Withangulatin A inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and trypanocidal activities.
  • HY-66005S4
    Acetaminophen-13C2,15N
    		98.30%
    Acetaminophen-13C2,15N is the 13C and 15N labeled Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM;is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.
  • HY-W032848
    Tinoridine
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    Tinoridine (Y-3642) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent antiperoxidative ability and radical scavenger activity. Tinoridine acts function by inhibiting COX enzyme, involves in hepatotoxicity inhibition. .
  • HY-B0493R
    Niflumic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Niflumic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Niflumic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Niflumic acid is a calcium-activated chloride channel blocker and COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 100 nM. Niflumic acid induces apoptosis through caspase-8/Bid/Bax pathway in lung cancer cells. Niflumic acide exhibits anti-tumor activity by affecting the expression of ERK1/2 and the activity of MMP2 and MMP9. Niflumic acid has orally bioactivity. Niflumic acid acts on rheumatoid arthritis.
  • HY-B0230S
    Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d10)
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d10) is the deuterium labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
  • HY-101481
    Flurbiprofen axetil
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    Flurbiprofen axetil is a non-selective COX inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Flurbiprofen axetil inhibits basal-like breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Flurbiprofen axetil can promote neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by partially activating PPAR-γ. Flurbiprofen axetil alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation in a transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Flurbiprofen axetil can alleviate inflammatory responses and cognitive function in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) SD rat model through the AMPKα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
  • HY-107260
    Lucidenic acid D
    		99.78%
    Lucidenic acid D is a highly oxidized triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Lucidenic acid D attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, reduces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inhibits skin inflammation. Lucidenic acid D suppresses 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen and maintains the viability of Raji cells. Lucidenic acid D can be used in studies of cancer chemoprevention.
  • HY-15321S
    Etoricoxib-d4
    		98.82%
    Etoricoxib-d4 (MK-0663-d4) is a deuterium labeled Etoricoxib. Etoricoxib is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
  • HY-131259
    Ibuprofen Impurity F
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen Impurity F is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
  • HY-113481
    Prostaglandin E3
    		Modulator ≥99.0%
    Prostaglandin E3 is an eicosanoid derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. Prostaglandin E3 inhibits polarization towards M1 but promotes polarization of M2a macrophages. Prostaglandin E3 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.
  • HY-106583
    Piroxicam cinnamate
    		Inhibitor 99.19%
    Piroxicam cinnamate (Cinnoxicam) is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory activity. Piroxicam cinnamate is stable under gastric conditions, can be used for inflammatory-degenerative osteoarticular diseases, rheumatic disorders, and varicocele (VC) associated oligoasthenospermia research.
  • HY-78131CS
    Ibuprofen-d3 sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.21%
    Ibuprofen-d3 ((±)-Ibuprofen-d3) sodium is the deuterium labeled Ibuprofen sodium (HY-78131C). Ibuprofen sodium is an orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen sodium inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen sodium can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
  • HY-121811
    Pongamol
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Pongamol (Lanceolatin C) is an orally active flavonoid with an IC50 of 75 μM and a Ki of 58 μM against PTPase-1B, and an IC50 of 103.5 μM against intestinal α-Glycosidase. Pongamol reduces the release of IL‑1β, TNF‑α, COX‑2 and iNOS in cells, reverses the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB, and upregulates the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ. Pongamol promotes glucose uptake by increasing the level of GLUT4 on the surface of skeletal muscle cells. Pongamol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the FAK/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Pongamol inhibits neuronal cytotoxicity, suppresses cell apoptosis and extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activating the MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pongamol exerts hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mouse models. Pongamol exhibits antibacterial activity. Pongamol alleviates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition and excessive phosphorylation of Tau Protein, and restores autophagy function in Alzheimer's disease mouse models by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Pongamol is applicable to research related to Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, non-small cell lung cancer and postprandial hyperglycemia.
  • HY-N6908
    Continentalic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    Continentalic acid is a diterpenoid organic acid. Continentalic acid exhibits multiple activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial and antitumor effects. Continentalic acid alleviates oxidative stress, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits MAPK phosphorylation and neutrophil infiltration, and induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells. Continentalic acid can be used in research related to traumatic brain injury, cancer, inflammation and infections.