Cat. No.: HY-N6908

Continentalic acid

Customer Review

Based on 1 Customer Validation

Continentalic acid is a diterpenoid organic acid. Continentalic acid exhibits multiple activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial and antitumor effects. Continentalic acid alleviates oxidative stress, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits MAPK phosphorylation and neutrophil infiltration, and induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells. Continentalic acid can be used in research related to traumatic brain injury, cancer, inflammation and infections.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.72%
CAS No.: 19889-23-7
Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Molecular Weight:302.45

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Continentalic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 19889-23-7

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All p38 MAPK Isoforms :

All PARP Isoforms :

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

All Interleukin Related Isoforms :

All COX Isoforms :

All JNK Isoforms :

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All NO Synthase Isoforms :

In Vitro

Continentalic acid (10-100 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 50 μM^[1].
Continentalic acid (25-100 μM; 72 h) induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, including morphological changes and DNA fragmentation^[1].
Continentalic acid (10-100 μM; 48 h) regulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, upregulates the levels of caspase-3, Bak and Bax, induces PARP cleavage, and downregulates the level of Bcl-2^[1].
Continentalic acid (1-20 μM) dose-dependently inhibits the production of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-13, COX-2 and PGE₂ stimulated by IL-1β in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes^[3].
Continentalic acid (1-20 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently inhibits the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) in IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritic chondrocytes^[3].
Continentalic acid (10 μM) inhibits IL-1β-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes after 1 h of incubation^[3].
Continentalic acid (8-16 µg/mL; 24 h) potently inhibits the growth of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, and 12 clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, with an MIC value of 8-16 µg/mL^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Apoptosis Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells
Concentration:

10, 25, 50, 100 μM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Induced distinct apoptotic morphological changes in HepG2 cells by 72 h, including cell shrinkage, nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation, chromatin condensation, and polylobation or fragmentation of nuclei.
Caused visible apoptotic changes in cells treated with 25, 50, and 100 μM continentalic acid.\nInduced dose-dependent DNA ladder formation in HepG2 cells after 72 h of incubation.
Caused clear laddering observed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes
Concentration:

1, 3, 5, 10, 20 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly inhibited IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK protein kinases in a dose-dependent manner.

In Vivo

Continentalic acid (10-100 mg/kg; i.p.; single administration 30 min prior to LPS treatment) exerts a dose-dependent protective effect against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced acute lung injury in BALB/c mice^[2].
Continentalic acid (0.97 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily; for 30 consecutive days) exerts significant anti-arthritic efficacy in MIA-induced osteoarthritis rats, restores weight-bearing balance, and prevents cartilage damage and proteoglycan loss^[3].
Continentalic acid (1-50 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 14 consecutive days) exerts potent neuroprotective activity in a mouse traumatic brain injury (TBI) model^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

BALB/c mice (6-week-old male, 27-33 g, traumatic brain injury weight-drop model)^[5]
Dosage:

1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg; 50 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; daily; 14 days
Result:

Reduced neurological severity score.
Restored paw withdrawal threshold.
Reduced cortical histopathological damage, increased neuronal count, and reduced cerebral microbleeds compared to the TBI group.
Downregulated mRNA and protein expression of GFAP, Iba1, TLR4, NF-κB, and cleaved caspase-3; upregulated mRNA and protein expression of IκB-α and Bcl-2 compared to the TBI group.
Reduced TBI-induced DNA damage compared to the TBI group.
Reduced levels of NO, LPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α; increased levels of GST, GSH, catalase, and SOD compared to the TBI group.

Animal Model:

BALB/c (male, 3-4 weeks old, 22-26 g, LPS-induced acute lung injury)^[2]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg; 50 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; single dose 30 minutes pre-LPS
Result:

Achieved an 80% 24-hour survival rate at 100 mg/kg (vs. 20% in LPS-only group); showed no protective effect on mortality at 10 mg/kg.
Significantly reduced LPS-induced pyrexia at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg).
Reduced lung wet/dry ratio dose-dependently at all three doses, with marked inhibition at 100 mg/kg.
Significantly elevated lung tissue levels of GSH, GST, catalase, and SOD at all three doses, with largest increases at 100 mg/kg.
Significantly reduced lung tissue MDA levels and both plasma and lung tissue NO levels at all three doses, with effects increasing with dose.
Significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in lung tissue IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at all three doses.
Normalized total neutrophil counts (NEU) to near control levels at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg; normalized WBC counts to control levels at 100 mg/kg.
Reduced lung injury scores dose-dependently; reduced neutrophilic infiltration and improved tracheal architecture at these doses.
Reduced lung tissue MPO activity at all three doses, with significant inhibition at 100 mg/kg.
Significantly reduced lung tissue iNOS expression and significantly increased Nrf2 protein expression at 100 mg/kg.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 19889-23-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 302.45
Formula C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@]12[C@@](CCC3=C[C@](C=C)(C)CC[C@@]23[H])([H])[C@@](C)(CCC1)C(O)=O
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Diterpenoids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (330.63 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.3063 mL

16.5317 mL

33.0633 mL

5 mM

0.6613 mL

3.3063 mL

6.6127 mL

10 mM

0.3306 mL

1.6532 mL

3.3063 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (285 KB)
SDS (398 KB)
- English - EN (398 KB)
- Français - FR (398 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (398 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (398 KB)
- Español - ES (398 KB)
- Swedish - SV (398 KB)
- Italian - IT (398 KB)
- Korean - KR (398 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (398 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Kwon TO, et al. Continentalic acid from Aralia continentalis induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2008;31(9):1172-1178. [Content Brief]

[2]. Ali H, et al. Attenuation of LPS-induced acute lung injury by continentalic acid in rodents through inhibition of inflammatory mediators correlates with increased Nrf2 protein expression. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020;21(1):81. Published 2020 Nov 25. [Content Brief]

[3]. Hong R, et al. Continentalic Acid Rather Than Kaurenoic Acid Is Responsible for the Anti-Arthritic Activity of Manchurian Spikenard In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(21):5488. Published 2019 Nov 4. [Content Brief]

[4]. Jeong SI, et al. Continentalic acid from Aralia continentalis shows activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytother Res. 2006;20(6):511-514. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zafar S, et al. Neuroprotective effect of Continentalic acid by targeting NF-κB/Bcl-2 and oxidative stress signaling in traumatic brain injury in male BALB/c mice. Mol Biol Rep. 2025;53(1):135. Published 2025 Nov 28. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.3063 mL	16.5317 mL	33.0633 mL	82.6583 mL
	5 mM	0.6613 mL	3.3063 mL	6.6127 mL	16.5317 mL
	10 mM	0.3306 mL	1.6532 mL	3.3063 mL	8.2658 mL
	15 mM	0.2204 mL	1.1021 mL	2.2042 mL	5.5106 mL
	20 mM	0.1653 mL	0.8266 mL	1.6532 mL	4.1329 mL
	25 mM	0.1323 mL	0.6613 mL	1.3225 mL	3.3063 mL
	30 mM	0.1102 mL	0.5511 mL	1.1021 mL	2.7553 mL
	40 mM	0.0827 mL	0.4133 mL	0.8266 mL	2.0665 mL
	50 mM	0.0661 mL	0.3306 mL	0.6613 mL	1.6532 mL
	60 mM	0.0551 mL	0.2755 mL	0.5511 mL	1.3776 mL
	80 mM	0.0413 mL	0.2066 mL	0.4133 mL	1.0332 mL
	100 mM	0.0331 mL	0.1653 mL	0.3306 mL	0.8266 mL

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Continentalic acid

Anti-Infection Compound Library

Apoptosis Compound Library

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

Epigenetics Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

MAPK Compound Library

NF-κB Signaling Compound Library

Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library

Natural Product Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Antioxidant Compound Library

Differentiation Inducing Compound Library

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library

Antibacterial Compound Library

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Compound Library

Terpenoids Library

Pyroptosis Compound Library

Neuroprotective Compound Library

Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Lung Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Metabolism Compound Library

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library

Neurodegenerative Disease-related Compound Library

Anti-Obesity Compound Library

Angiogenesis-Related Compound Library

Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library

Transcription Factor-Targeted Library

Anti-Liver Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Natural Product Library

Antidepressant Compound Library

Plant-Sourced Natural Product Library

Anti-Prostate Cancer Compound Library

Cancer Stem Cells Compound Library

Pain-Related Compound Library

Metabolic Enzyme Compound Library

Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library

Cytokine Inhibitors Library

Cell Death Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Anti-Ovarian Cancer Compound Library

Multi-Target Compound Library

Radioprotector Library

Mitophagy Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Natural Product and Natural Product-Like Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

Anti-Fibrosis Compound Library

Protein Kinase Compound Library

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

Cell Proliferation Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Natural Product Library

Anti-Rheumatic Arthritis Compound Library

Tonifying Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomer Compound Library

Lactylation Compound Library

All p38 MAPK Isoforms

All PARP Isoforms

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms

All Caspase Isoforms

All Interleukin Related Isoforms

All COX Isoforms

All JNK Isoforms

All NF-κB Isoforms

All NO Synthase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Continentalic acid Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N6908