2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-160821A
    N-Acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate sodium salt
    N-Acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate sodium salt is a NanR modulator and an intermediate in the sialic acid pathway. N-Acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate sodium salt disrupts the binding of NanR to the promoter regions of nanAT and nanE, and prevents NanR-mediated transcriptional repression of these loci. N-Acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate sodium salt acts as a key precursor for sialic acid biosynthesis, participating in this process via Neu5Ac-9-P synthase. N-Acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate sodium salt can be used in research related to GNE myopathy.
    N-Acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate sodium salt
  • HY-101037R
    Sarcosine (Standard)
    Sarcosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sarcosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia.
    Sarcosine (Standard)
  • HY-P2820
    Phosphoglucomutase, Rabbit muscle
    Phosphoglucomutase, Rabbit muscle is often used in biochemical studies. Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that can transfer the phosphate group on the α-D-glucose monomer forward from the 1-position to the 6-position or reversely transfer from the 6-position to the 1-position, and promote the glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate Transform each other. Phosphoglucomutase is a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
    Phosphoglucomutase, Rabbit muscle
  • HY-113314
    AFMK
    		99.97%
    AFMK, antioxidant metabolite of Melatonin, attenuates X-ray-induced oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in mice. AFMK is a poorer scavenger. The pKa of AFMK at physiological pH is 8.7. Antioxidant capacity. AFMK improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells through the modulation of apoptotic pathway.
    AFMK
  • HY-N0598
    Ginsenoside F1
    		99.86%
    Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of Ginsenoside Rg1, demonstrates competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 activity and weaker inhibition of CYP2D6 activity.
    Ginsenoside F1
  • HY-113302
    19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
    		99.11%
    19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is a substrate for Corticotropin-lipotropin and Cytochrome P450 19A1.
    19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
  • HY-W052289
    Methyl 6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    		98.81%
    Methyl 6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate is a marine-derived natural product with anti-tumor activity. Methyl 6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate exhibits growth inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methyl 6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate can be used in research related to Staphylococcus epidermidis infection and cancer.
    Methyl 6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate
  • HY-Y0172S2
    Butylated hydroxytoluene-d3
    		99.21%
    Butylated hydroxytoluene-d3 is the deuterium labeled Butylated hydroxytoluene. Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor.
    Butylated hydroxytoluene-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W009390
    DL-Homocystine
    		98.0%
    DL-Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine and homocysteine is recognized as an important substance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
    DL-Homocystine
  • HY-W015370
    L-Lysine hydrate
    		99.86%
    L-Lysine hydrate is an essential amino acid. L-Lysine hydrate can be research for vascular calcification (VC) and acute pancreatitis.
    L-Lysine hydrate
  • HY-P1940
    Maculosin
    		99.06%
    Maculosin (Cyclo (Tyr-Pro)) is a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed from Alternaria alternata. Maculosin is a quorum-sensing molecule involved in cell-cell communication. Maculosin also acts as a signaling molecule regulating virulence gene expression. Maculosin shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.Maculosin (Cyclo (Tyr-Pro)) is a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed from Alternaria alternata. Maculosin is a quorum-sensing molecule involved in cell-cell communication. Maculosin also acts as a signaling molecule regulating virulence gene expression. Maculosin shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.
    Maculosin
  • HY-W010031
    1-Methyluric acid
    		98.92%
    1-Methyluric acid acts on the urinary bladder mucosa and increases the blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels.
    1-Methyluric acid
  • HY-101402
    Cyclo(his-pro)
    		98.95%
    Cyclo(his-pro) (Cyclo(histidyl-proline)) is an orally active cyclic dipeptide structurally related to tyreotropin-releasing hormone. Cyclo(his-pro) could inhibit NF-κB nuclear accumulation. Cyclo(his-pro) can cross the brain-blood-barrier and affect diverse inflammatory and stress responses.
    Cyclo(his-pro)
  • HY-N0623S7
    L-Tryptophan-15N
    		99.50%
    L-Tryptophan-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3[1].
    L-Tryptophan-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-N6662
    (+)-Longifolene
    (+)-Longifolene is a sesquiterpenoid and a metabolite in rabbits. (+)-Longifolen is converted to primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols in rabbits, among which the primary alcohol is predominant.
    (+)-Longifolene
  • HY-W015954
    (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol
    		99.69%
    (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is a non-covalent, reversible agonist targeting lanthanum (La3+)-sensitive calcium channels in bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) with an EC50 of approximately 25 mM. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol binds to calcium channel proteins or related complexes, induces channel opening, promotes extracellular calcium influx, and triggers intracellular calcium transients, which may regulate bacterial physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and signal transduction. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol mediates bacterial-host cell signaling interactions and affects the metabolic balance of intestinal microorganisms, and can be used to study lactose intolerance and other related diseases.
    (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol
  • HY-122940
    Precocene II
    		99.98%
    Precocene II (Ageratochromene) is a plant larva hormone antagonists that inhibits the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone. Precocene II inhibits corpora allata function and downregulates juvenile hormone levels, while exerting multiple effects including inducing precocious metamorphosis, forming macropterous morphs, inhibiting ovarian growth, producing cytotoxicity, disrupting insect development, and causing sterility and kidney damage. Precocene II blocks normal nymphal development, causes renal tubular damage and increases blood urea nitrogen levels, and also blocks juvenile hormone biosynthesis in vitro. Precocene II undergoes oxidative metabolism catalyzed by NADPH-dependent monooxygenase to generate a variety of metabolites. Precocene II can be applied in studies related to insect growth regulation and nephrotoxicity.
    Precocene II
  • HY-34516
    D-Ornithine hydrochloride
    		98.0%
    D-Ornithine ((R)-Ornithine) hydrochloride is a constituent of bacterial cell wall. D-Ornithine hydrochloride promotes the production of L-arginine (HY-N0455). D-Ornithine hydrochloride enhances the expression of pyrrolysine-containing proteins.
    D-Ornithine hydrochloride
  • HY-N7063
    Nerol
    		98.97%
    Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol
  • HY-N10403
    4-Hydroxyestradiol
    		99.0%
    4-Hydroxyestradiol (4-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol) is an endogenous metabolite of Estradiol (HY-B0141). 4-Hydroxyestradiol is carcinogenic and shows mutagenic activity in breast epithelial cells. 4-Hydroxyestradiol inhibits the binding of Estradiol to the estrogen receptor in a competitive manner, with a Ki of 0.48 nM.
    4-Hydroxyestradiol
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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