Endogenous Metabolite

Related Products

Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8493)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-113402R

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard)
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.

HY-164690A

Nicotinamide-guanine dinucleotide sodium
Nicotinamide-guanine dinucleotide sodium, a NAD sodium (HY-B0445A) analog, is an oxidized forms of nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide. Nicotinamide-guanine dinucleotide sodium serves as coenzymes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in vitro.

HY-W342604R

N-Acetylputrescine (Standard)
1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,4-DCQA) is a phenylpropanoid from Xanthii fructus, inhibits LPS-stimulated TNF-α production.

HY-111952

SR-4995		98.26%
SR-4995 (CID 16016685) is a highly effective and selective ligand for α-β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), facilitating the activation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by displacing ABHD5 from its inhibitory regulators, perilipin-1 (PLIN1) and PLIN5. It directly interacts with ABHD5, inhibiting its association with PLIN1, and promotes lipolysis in adipocytes and muscle tissues while circumventing PKA-dependent signaling pathways.

HY-10219GL

Rapamycin (GMP Like)
Rapamycin (Sirolimus) GMP Like is Rapamycin (HY-10219) produced by using GMP like guidelines. GMP Like small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant.

HY-13715AR

Norepinephrine hydrochloride (Standard)
Norepinephrine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Norepinephrine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Norepinephrine (Levarterenol; L-Noradrenaline) hydrochloride is a potent adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist. Norepinephrine activates α1, α2, β1 receptors[1][2][3][4].

HY-W012926S1

Dihydrouracil-d₄		99.97%
Dihydrouracil-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Dihydrouracil. Dihydrouracil (HY-W012926), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient.

HY-Y0921S

(±)-1,2-Propanediol-d₈		99.55%
(±)-1,2-Propanediol-d₈ is the deuterium labeled (±)-1,2-Propanediol. (±)-1,2-Propanediol (1,2-(RS)-Propanediol) is an aliphatic alcohol and frequently used as an excipient in many agent formulations to increase the solubility and stability of agents.

HY-N0733S3

Glucosamine-6-¹³C hydrochloride		98.0%
Glucosamine-6-¹³C (hydrochloride) is the ¹³C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as

HY-Y0966S10

Glycine-d₃		99.97%
Glycine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-B1659S4

Glycerol-¹³C₂		99%
Glycerol-¹³C₂ is the ¹³C labeled Glycerol. Glycerol is used in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

HY-113081R

1-Methyladenosine (Standard)
1-Methyladenosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Methyladenosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification that can serve as a tumor marker, with elevated levels in the body associated with cancer development. Following 1-methyladenosine methylation, upregulation of PPARδ expression regulates cholesterol metabolism and activates Hedgehog signaling pathway, driving liver tumorigenesis. In Vitro:Compared to surrounding tumor tissues, 1-methyladenosine methylation in RNA is aberrantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). Methylated 1-methyladenosine can promote cholesterol synthesis and activate the Hedgehog signaling pathway by enhancing the translation of PPARδ in liver CSCs, ultimately driving the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of liver cancer stem cells.

HY-B0158S6

Cytidine-¹⁵N₃		99.3%
Cytidine-¹⁵N₃ is the ¹⁵N labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function.

HY-W014423S2

L-Histidine-¹³C₆ hydrochloride hydrate		98.00%
L-Histidine-¹³C₆ (hydrochloride hydrate) is the ¹³C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.

HY-B0228S4

Adenosine-1′-¹³C
Adenosine-1′-¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

HY-132334S

9-cis-Retinoic acid-d₅		99.24%
9-cis-Retinoic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 9-cis-Retinoic acid. 9-cis-Retinoic acid (ALRT1057), a vitamin A derivative, is a potent RAR/RXR agonist. 9-cis-Retinoic acid induces apoptosis, regulates cell cycle and has anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection activities.

HY-16637S1

Folic acid-d₄
Folic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Folic acid. Folic acid (Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is a B vitamin; is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis.

HY-124265S

4β-Hydroxycholesterol-d₇		99.94%
4β-Hydroxycholesterol-d₇ is the deuterium labeled 4β-Hydroxycholesterol (HY-124265). 4β-Hydroxycholesterol is a major Cholesterol (HY-N0322) metabolite and a precursor in the synthesis of bile acids that is found in human circulation.

HY-10585S1

Valproic acid-d₆		99.83%
Valproic acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC₅₀, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.

HY-W009300S

4-Hydroxyestrone-d₄		99.35%
4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1)-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxyestrone (HY-W009300). 4-Hydroxyestrone is a brain-penetrant estrogen metabolite. 4-Hydroxyestrone shows neuroprotective effects involving increased cytoplasmic localization of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation. 4-Hydroxyestrone relies on PDI to mediate its protective effect against chemically induced ferroptosis in estrogen receptor-negative cancer cells. 4-Hydroxyestrone inhibits lipid peroxidation and lipid-ROS accumulation. 4-Hydroxyestrone blocks preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in Rattus norvegicus. 4-Hydroxyestrone can be used for the researches of neurodegeneration, breast cancer and endocrine disease.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8493)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8493):