Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Productos relacionados con Endogenous Metabolite (8473)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Nombre del producto	Efecto	Pureza	Chemical Structure

HY-103395R

Methylmalonic acid (Standard)
Methylmalonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylmalonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylmalonic acid (Methylmalonate) is an indicator of Vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer.

HY-113352

7-Methylguanine		99.97%
7-Methylguanine is an orally active and competitive PARP-1 inhibitor with a K_i value of 61 μM. 7-Methylguanine is a metabolite of nucleic acids. 7-Methylguanine has anticancer activity against uterine sarcoma and colon adenocarcinoma. 7-Methylguanine is used as a probe for protein-DNA interactions.

HY-111951

D-Panose		99.95%
D-Panose is an oligosaccharide composed of glucose units linked by specific glycosidic bonds.

HY-W010104

L-Methionine sulfoxide		98.77%
L-Methionine sulfoxide is an orally active oxidation product of Methionine (HY-N0326). L-Methionine sulfoxide can be partially converted into Methionine in the body and participate in the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. L-Methionine sulfoxide provides the body with sulfur activity and can participate in the synthesis of proteins and sulfur-containing compounds.

HY-W003445

4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid		99.25%
4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite of Brocresine and a histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 1 mM for both rat fetal and rat gastric HDC. 4-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid also inhibits aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase from hog kidney and rat gastric mucosa in vitro with IC₅₀s of 1 mM for both enzymes.

HY-Y0966S4

Glycine-1-¹³C		99.73%
Glycine-1-¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-124529

Lunularin		99.87%
Lunularin is an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, with an IC₅₀ of 45.44 μM and a K_i of 35.8 μM against human 11β-HSD1, and an IC₅₀ of 17.39 μM and a K_i of 10.31 μM against rat 11β-HSD1. Lunularin upregulates the transcription levels of Sirt1 and Hmox1 genes in the liver. Lunularin reduces food intake and body weight gain, and decreases blood glucose levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Lunularin inhibits LPS-induced TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway activation and nitric oxide production. Lunularin inhibits the proliferation and colony formation of renal cancer and colon cancer cells, and exhibits cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. Lunularin binds to the steroid-binding site of human 11β-HSD1 and the steroid/NADPH-binding region of rat 11β-HSD1, but does not inhibit 11β-HSD2 or mouse 11β-HSD1. Lunularin can be used in research related to diet-induced obesity, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndrome.

HY-W089835

Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate
Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

HY-B0617S2

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-¹³C dihydrochloride
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-¹³C (S-Adenosyl methionine-¹³C) dihydrochloride is the ¹³C labeled S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (HY-B0617). S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.

HY-113330

12S-HHT		≥99.0%
12S-HHT (12(S)-HHTrE) is an enzymatic product of prostaglandin H₂ (PGH₂) derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. 12S-HHT is an endogenous ligand for BLT2 that fully activates BLT2 in vivo. 12S-HHT suppresses UV-induced IL-6 synthesis in keratinocytes, exerting an anti-inflammatory activity.

HY-N0067S3

γ-Aminobutyric acid-¹³C₄		99.95%
γ-Aminobutyric acid-¹³C₄ is the ¹³C-labeled γ-Aminobutyric acid. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors).

HY-N0898R

Catechin (Standard)
Catechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Catechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 μM.

HY-B0152A

Adenine hydrochloride		98.0%
Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-N1938

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate		98.0%
D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate is an orally active inhibitor of LecA (K_d = 32 μM) and GtfC. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate reduces cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) by increased activity of a c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterase. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate interferes with GTF function. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate decreases IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate exhibits biofilm-inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans and inhibits allergic airway eosinophilia.

HY-125731S

Glycodeoxycholic acid-d₄		99.90%
Glycodeoxycholic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Glycodeoxycholic Acid. Glycodeoxycholic Acid is an endogenous metabolite.

HY-113316B

(S)-Salsolinol		99.64%
(S)-Salsolinol ((-)-Salsolinol) is a dopamine-derived endogenous metabolite.

HY-W012790

Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate		98.0%
Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate (2-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite. Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate is a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes and preeclampsia. Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate prevents the acetaminophen (AP)-induced liver injury.

HY-P2733

Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli (GPO) is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also a substrate in the respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli produces electrons through oxidation. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli is an enzyme with important functions in the field of biochemistry, and is widely used in medical testing and scientific research.

HY-41982

D-Glucuronic acid lactone		98.0%
D-Glucuronic acid lactone (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone; D-Glucurono-γ-lactone; D-Glucuronolactone; Dicurone; Glucoxy; Glucurolactone; Glucurone) is an endogenous metabolite and a glucuronic acid derivative. D-Glucuronic acid lactone serves as a starting reagent for the synthesis of 2,3,4-tris (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) glucuronic acid trichloroethyl ester, which is used to prepare 1-O-acyl glucuronic acids for the anti-inflammatory agent mL-3000 (HY-B1452), synthesize optically active glucuronic acids, and produce long-chain alkyl glucuronides. D-Glucuronic acid lactone shows potential for use in studies of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).

HY-119809

Violacein		99.97%
Violacein, a secondary metabolite produced by several microorganisms, possesses potent anticancer and low side effects. Violacein possesses antioxidant properties. Apoptosis inducer.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Productos relacionados con Endogenous Metabolite (8473)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Productos relacionados con Endogenous Metabolite (8473):