2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-126222
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide
    		Inhibitor
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative, is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells.
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide
  • HY-156622
    Leramistat
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Leramistat (HMC-C-01-A; MBS2320) is a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, involving in cell metabolism immune metabolism regulation. Leramistat also inhibits ATP production in Thp1 human monocytes (IC50: 0.63 μM). Leramistat inhibits atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer; and also inhibits osteoclast mediated disease.
    Leramistat
  • HY-N0346A
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate
    		Inhibitor 99.39%
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate is a natural product found in Kaempferia galangal with anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and anti-microbial effects. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro with IC50s of 1.12 and 0.83 μM, respectively.
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate
  • HY-N1983
    Caudatin
    		99.95%
    Caudatin is an orally active and brain-penetrant C-21 steroidal found in Cynanchum bungei decne with a variety of biological activities. Caudatin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cause cell phase arrest, induce apoptosis, autophagy, ROS prodution and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Caudatin activates PARP, caspase-3, -7, -9, upregulates pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax and downregulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Caudatin suppresses VEGF, FAK phosphorylation, upregulates p21, p27, DR5 protein expression, activates the p38 MAPK, JNK and PPARα/TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal signaling pathways. Caudatin can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and neurological disease, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease.
    Caudatin
  • HY-173527
    PSSI-51
    		99.75%
    PSSI-51 is an orally active, peripherally selective inhibitor of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT). PSSI-51 inhibits SCOT activity in peripheral tissues (such as muscle and kidney) but does not affect SCOT activity in brain tissue. PSSI-51 reduces ketone body oxidation by inhibiting SCOT, thereby improving obesity-related hyperglycemia. PSSI-51 can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has the potential to improve obesity-related metabolic disorders.
    PSSI-51
  • HY-144310
    DX3-213B
    		Inhibitor 99.68%
    DX3-213B is a highly potent, orally active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I inhibitor (IC50=3.6 nM). DX3-213B impairs ATP generation (IC50=11 nM), and blocks MIA PaCa-2 cell growth (GI50=11 nM). DX3-213B is used for the research of the pancreatic cancer.
    DX3-213B
  • HY-111217
    AKOS-22
    		Inhibitor 99.23%
    AKOS-22 is a potent mitochondrial protein VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) inhibitor (Kd=15.4 μM). AKOS-22 interacts with VDAC1 and inhibiting both VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis. AKOS-22 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction.
    AKOS-22
  • HY-B2011
    Flutolanil
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    Flutolanil is a succinate dehydrogenase complex inhibitor and fungicide. Flutolanil blocks electron transfer between the redox center of succinate dehydrogenase and coenzyme Q, inhibits mycelial oxygen consumption, and suppresses mycelial growth. Flutolanil induces acute and sublethal toxicity in zebrafish at different life stages. Flutolanil can be used in studies on plant disease control.
    Flutolanil
  • HY-B1914
    Tebufenpyrad
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    Tebufenpyrad can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Tebufenpyrad induces dose-dependent cell death on N27 cells, with an EC50 value of 3.98 μM.
    Tebufenpyrad
  • HY-14771
    Imeglimin
    		Activator 99.10%
    Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function.
    Imeglimin
  • HY-100005A
    Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 sodium salt
    		Inhibitor 98.70%
    Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 sodium salt (compound 3) is a cell-permeable and competitive fumarate hydratase inhibitor (Ki=4.5 μM) with nutrient-dependent cytotoxicity .
    Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 sodium salt
  • HY-106328
    Fluasterone
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Fluasterone is a potent G6PD inhibitor with a Ki of 0.51 μM. Fluasterone has anti-inflammatory, cancer preventive, and anti-diabetic effects. Fluasterone is orally active.
    Fluasterone
  • HY-16386
    PENAO
    PENAO is a potent tumour cell mitochondrial toxin. PENAO inactivates tumor cell mitochondria by targeting inner-membrane adenine nucleotide transferase.
    PENAO
  • HY-18733R
    Lipoic acid (Standard)
    Lipoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lipoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-113039
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in renal cancer. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can inhibit histone demethylases and hence promote histone methylation. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid inhibits mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) activity with Km and Ki of 2.52 mM and 11.13 mM, respectively.
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid
  • HY-133033
    COQ7-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.55%
    COQ7-IN-1, a highly potent inhibitor of human coenzyme Q (COQ7), interferes with ubiquinone (UQ) synthesis. COQ7-IN-1 does not disturb physiological cell growth of human normal culture cells. COQ7-IN-1 can be used for the research of the balance between UQ supplementation pathways: de novo UQ synthesis and extracellular UQ uptake.
    COQ7-IN-1
  • HY-W014684
    Lilial
    		99.16%
    Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks.
    Lilial
  • HY-N6790
    Nonactin
    		99.0%
    Nonactin is a macrotetrolide antibiotic and mitochondrial uncoupler with antibacterial, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities. Nonactin acts as an ionophore for monovalent cations, including K+, and NH4+, and it can also inhibit the surface expression of endogenous HSP60. In addition, Nonactin can induce apoptosis in β-catenin mutant tumor cells and has anti-tumor activity.
    Nonactin
  • HY-121713
    Aniline mustard
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    Aniline mustard (N, n-BIS (2-chloroethyl) aniline) is an anticancer agent.
    Aniline mustard
  • HY-B0263S
    Thiabendazole-d4
    		99.80%
    Thiabendazole-d4 is a deuterated form of Thiabendazole, which is an antiseptic, antifungal and antiparasitic agent.
    Thiabendazole-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity