2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1245
    Salsalate
    		99.61%
    Salsalate is a potent antirheumatic drug with oral activity that reduces irritation during gastric absorption and avoids direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Salsalate not only has significant anti-inflammatory effects, but also reduces blood sugar levels, improves insulin resistance, and reduces the expression of cytokines. Salsalate can protect mice from metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet and effectively improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[2 ].
    Salsalate
  • HY-B1453S
    L-Carnitine-d3 (hydrochloride)
    		99.9%
    L-Carnitine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine hydrochloride.
    L-Carnitine-d<sub>3</sub> (hydrochloride)
  • HY-N0055R
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard)
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorogenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound.
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B2068
    Iron sucrose
    		Activator
    Iron sucrose (Iron saccharate) is a intravenous iron preparation and a pro-oxidant agent. Iron sucrose has the potential for iron deficiency anemia treatment.
    Iron sucrose
  • HY-W082785A
    L6H21
    		Inhibitor 99.19%
    L6H21, a Chalcone (HY-121054) derivative, is an orally active, potent and specific myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) inhibitor. L6H21 directly binds to MD-2 protein with a high affinity and low KD value of 33.3 μM, blocking the formation of the LPS-TLR4/MD-2 complex. L6H21 inhibits LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 6.58 and 8.59 μM, respectively. L6H21 can be used for alcoholic liver disease, metabolic disturbance and neuroinflammation research.
    L6H21
  • HY-N1939
    Icariside I
    		Agonist 98.76%
    Icariside I (GH01) is an orally active metabolite of icalin. Icariside I improves estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by simultaneously regulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Icariside I promotes ATP (HY-B2176) or Nigericin (HY-127019)-induced mtROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Icariside I does not alter the activation of NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Icariside I inhibits breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis by targeting the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Icariside I is a kynurenine-AhR pathway inhibitor that alleviates cancer by blocking tumor immune escape.
    Icariside I
  • HY-N0310
    Soyasaponin Bb
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Soyasaponin Bb is an orally active, covalent inducer of heme oxygenase HO-1 and an inhibitor of aldose reductase AKR1B1. Soyasaponin Bb can regulate oxidative stress pathways, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inhibit lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte apoptosis. Soyasaponin Bb improves alcohol-induced hepatocyte membrane damage and liver function abnormalities, and improves Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment. Soyasaponin Bb has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities.
    Soyasaponin Bb
  • HY-N3245
    Moracin C
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Moracin C, a natural product, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Moracin C inhibits LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from cells.
    Moracin C
  • HY-B1199
    Nialamide
    		Modulator
    Nialamide is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Nialamide inhibits MAO and regulates ROS production. Nialamide induces hyperkinesis in animals, enhances the anticonvulsant effect of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, increases rectal temperature, and enhances the pressor effect of Norepinephrine. Nialamide can be used in the research of depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and hypertension.
    Nialamide
  • HY-W013935
    Bisphenol B
    		99.34%
    Bisphenol B is a close structural analog of Bisphenol A (BPA) (HY-18260). Bisphenol B is a potent, orally active endocrine disruptor (ED). Bisphenol B binds to G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (IC50 = 3.3 μM) with higher affinity and agonistic activity than BPA. Bisphenol B promotes GPER mediated cell migration. Bisphenol B exerts estrogenic effects via GPER pathway at nanomolar concentration. Bisphenol B is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate resin with ED properties.
    Bisphenol B
  • HY-107194
    NSC12
    		Activator
    NSC12 is an orally active pan-FGF trap. NSC12 inhibits the interaction between FGF2/FGFR. NSC12 suppresses the phosphorylation of FGFR3. NSC12 reduces c-Myc levels, induces DNA damage, triggers the cleavage of Caspase 3, and promotes ROS production. NSC12 exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer and multiple myeloma.
    NSC12
  • HY-A0148A
    Halofantrine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Halofantrine hydrochloride (SKF-102886 hydrochloride; WR-171669 hydrochloride) is a blocker that delays the delayed rectifier potassium current by inhibiting human ERG channels, and it is a potent antimalarial agent with oral activity. Halofantrine hydrochloride inhibits the Cap1-dependent oxidative stress response of Candida albicans, suppresses ROS responses, and enhances the antifungal (Fungal) activity of oxidative damage agents. Halofantrine hydrochloride exhibits antifungal activity in the Galleria mellonella model, and shows antimalarial activity against Plasmodium strains both in vitro and in animal models. Halofantrine hydrochloride can be used in studies related to invasive candidiasis, falciparum malaria, and vivax malaria.
    Halofantrine hydrochloride
  • HY-149127
    Rosolutamide
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    Rosolutamide (ASC-JM17) is an orally active Nrf1/Nrf2 activator. Rosolutamide activates Hsf1 pathways, upregulates proteasome subunits and antioxidant enzymes, induces proteasome complex structural rearrangement, and enhances ubiquitin-proteasome system-mediated degradation. Rosolutamide reduces mutant androgen receptor and ataxin-3 aggregates, restores mitochondrial function, attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, induces apoptosis and ferroptosis, and inhibits cancer cell growth. Rosolutamide can be used for the research of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Huntington’s disease, and temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma.
    Rosolutamide
  • HY-B0739A
    Citicoline sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Citicoline sodium is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline sodium inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline sodium can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline sodium
  • HY-W006957
    N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine
    		Inducer 99.85%
    N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine is a purine nucleoside analog. N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine inhibits NF-κB/Smad signaling pathway, exhibits anti-hyperglycemia, antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine is orally active.
    N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine
  • HY-13571A
    Beclometasone dipropionate
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Beclometasone dipropionate, the proagent of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate can be used for asthma .
    Beclometasone dipropionate
  • HY-105935
    Keracyanin chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Keracyanin chloride inhibits NF-κB/FAK/MAPK signaling pathway. Keracyanin chloride exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects, and is orally active.
    Keracyanin chloride
  • HY-W014225
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
    		Inducer 99.58%
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages.
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
  • HY-B2130R
    Uric acid (Standard)
    Uric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Uric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0111R
    Coenzyme Q10 (Standard)
    Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10 (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity