2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-161601
    Ferroptosis inducer-2
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Ferroptosis inducer-2 (Compound 24) is an inducer for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Ferroptosis inducer-2 exhibits anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells through induction of ferroptosis.
    Ferroptosis inducer-2
  • HY-N6037
    Gardenin B
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B
  • HY-W002620A
    Emoxypine succinate
    		99.41%
    Emoxypine succinate is an antioxidant. Emoxypine succinate can be used for the research of post-traumatic.
    Emoxypine succinate
  • HY-N2208
    4-Hydroxylonchocarpin
    		Inducer 98.95%
    4-Hydroxylonchocarpin is a chalcone compound. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin enhances the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in liver cancer cells. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin has various pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-retroviral, anti-tuberculosis, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activities.
    4-Hydroxylonchocarpin
  • HY-123581
    Quinocetone
    		Agonist 98.25%
    Quinocetone is an orally active animal feed additive used to increase the meat production of livestock and poultry. Quinocetone exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Quinocetone exhibits tissue-specific (liver, lymphocyte) toxicity. Quinocetone induces autophagy in cells through the ATF6/DAPK1 pathway. Quinocetone activates the NF-κB and iNOS pathways, leading to cell apoptosis, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis. Quinocetone can inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage.
    Quinocetone
  • HY-W923189
    Neral
    		Inhibitor
    Neral is a plant-derived anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer agent. Neral inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and IκB in macrophages induced by LPS (HY-D1056), suppresses the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the expression of pro-IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 in cells, and reduces the production of ROS in cells. Neral inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and decreases the activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β in mouse macrophages. Neral induces autophagy, and exhibits antiproliferative activity both in in vitro breast cancer cell models and mouse xenograft models. Neral regulates brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways, and induces the expression of AP2/ERF-ERF and bHLH family genes in rice roots. Neral acts as a herbicide safener, alleviates the damage induced by Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (HY-B2013), and promotes the elongation of rice roots. Neral can be used in research related to breast cancer, inflammatory and immune system diseases, and herbicide safeners.
    Neral
  • HY-N0872
    Isosteviol
    		99.86%
    Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) is a derivative of Stevioside through acid catalyzed hydrolysis of Stevioside. Isosteviol inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase and has antibacterial, anticancer and anti-tuberculosis effects.
    Isosteviol
  • HY-147803
    TrxR-IN-5
    		Inhibitor 98.07%
    TrxR-IN-5 (compound 4f) is a potent TrxR (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. TrxR-IN-5 increases the levels of ROS, thus leading to potent antiproliferative effects. TrxR-IN-5 exhibits prominent anticacer and anti-metastasis effects.
    TrxR-IN-5
  • HY-W127530
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium
    		Inhibitor 98.01%
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is an antioxidant that protects against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium exhibits angiogenesis-promoting activity.
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium
  • HY-W014423S
    L-Histidine-13C hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    L-Histidine-13C hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>13</sup>C hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-B0757A
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate
    		99.80%
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases.
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate
  • HY-W037976
    Tyrosinase-IN-22
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Tyrosinase-IN-22 (compound 4) is an inhibitor of tyrosinase substrates (L-tyrosine and L-dopa) with IC50s of 60 nM and 30 nM, respectively. Tyrosinase-IN-22 also shows potent antioxidant and anti-melanogenic properties, thus can be used for relevant researches.
    Tyrosinase-IN-22
  • HY-N7798
    Pennogenin
    		99.90%
    Pennogenin is a bioactive component which can be isolated from T. govanianum rhizomes. Pennogenin exhibits significant in vitro inhibitory effect on release of ROS.
    Pennogenin
  • HY-121324
    Prometryn
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Prometryn is a triazine herbicide. Prometryn induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Prometryn induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and autophagy-related gene expression, and non-specific immunity gene expression. Prometryn can be used for the research of herbicide, hepatopancreas injury, and intestinal stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
    Prometryn
  • HY-114520
    TT01001
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    TT01001 is a selective and orally active mitoNEET agonist and a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50 = 8.84 μM). TT01001 does not activate PPARγ but interacts with MitoNEET. TT01001 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by preventing mitoNEET-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. TT01001 improves type II diabetes and ameliorates mitochondrial function of mice. TT01001 can used for the studies of type II diabetes and neurological disorders .
    TT01001
  • HY-W014332
    1,3-Diphenylguanidine
    		Activator 99.76%
    1,3-Diphenylguanidine is a widely used accelerator in rubber vulcanization. 1,3-Diphenylguanidine increases ROS activity and decreases SOD and CAT activity. 1,3-Diphenylguanidine accelerates the vulcanization process. 1,3-Diphenylguanidine impairs the reproduction and growth of Moina macrocopa[1] [2] [3] .
    1,3-Diphenylguanidine
  • HY-B1946S
    Dimethoate-d6
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Dimethoate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Dimethoate. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Dimethoate is an orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Dimethoate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dimethoate induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in vivo. Dimethoate affect immune system in mice.
    Dimethoate-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-P3003
    Cereulide
    		Activator
    Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K+, and transports K+ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning.
    Cereulide
  • HY-B0356AS1
    Ciprofloxacin-13C3,15N monohydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Ciprofloxacin-13C3,15N (Bay-09867-13C3,15N) monohydrochloride is 13C- and 15N-labeled Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride) (HY-B0356A).
    Ciprofloxacin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N monohydrochloride
  • HY-N1408
    trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol
    		Inducer 99.35%
    Trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol (trans-trismethoxy Resveratrol; (E)-Resveratrol trimethyl ether; trans-3,5,4'-Trimethoxystilbene) is an orally active natural derivative of Resveratrol (HY-16561). Trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol has an enhanced anticancer profile compared to Resveratrol, exhibiting higher potency than resveratrol, with improved cancer cell proliferation inhibition, induction of cell cycle arrest, decreased metastasis, and increased apoptosis. Trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol causes microtubule disassembling and tubulin depolymerization and exerts anti-angiogenic effects through VEGFR2. Trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol can be used for the studies of anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer (such as non-small cell lung cancer and osteosarcoma).
    trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity