2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0592
    Demethyleneberberine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Demethyleneberberine is a blood-brain barrier-permeable antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine exerts antioxidant effects by targeting mitochondria, activates the AMPK signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibits inflammation-related pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Demethyleneberberine can be used in the research of inflammatory and other diseases.
    Demethyleneberberine
  • HY-B0166S3
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-2
  • HY-176039
    TUG-2181
    		Inhibitor 98.20%
    TUG-2181 is an antagonist of GPR84 with an IC50 value of 34 nM. TUG-2181 inhibits GPR84 agonists-induced reactive species oxygen (ROS) production and IL-8 release in human neutrophils. TUG-2181 can be used for inflammation and fibrosis study.
    TUG-2181
  • HY-120251A
    Leteprinim potassium
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Leteprinim potassium (AIT-082), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim potassium is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim potassium can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim potassium reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim potassium increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species.
    Leteprinim potassium
  • HY-B1625R
    Deferoxamine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine (Deferoxamine B) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine (Standard)
  • HY-N3968
    Goniothalamin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Goniothalamin (GTN) is a styryl lactone. Goniothalamin exhibits insecticidal, anti-tumor and antibacterial activities. Goniothalamin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. Goniothalamin acts as a larvicide against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and as a cytotoxin against brine shrimp larvae. Goniothalamin functions as an antibacterial agent against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also acts as an antifungal agent against pathogens including Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Goniothalamin is applicable to research related to breast cancer, lymphatic filariasis, bacterial infections and fungal infections.
    Goniothalamin
  • HY-161659
    Apoptosis inducer 19
    		Inducer 98.31%
    Apoptosis inducer 19 (Compound 7g) is an Apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 19 elevates expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and downregulates anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Apoptosis inducer 19 upregulates cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Apoptosis inducer 19 can be used for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) research.
    Apoptosis inducer 19
  • HY-111959
    2-Selenouracil
    		98.0%
    2-Selenouracil is a useful specialized photosensitizer for photodynamical therapy.
    2-Selenouracil
  • HY-N2406R
    Dihydrocaffeic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ditalimfos (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ditalimfos. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ditalimfos is an organophosphate fungicide. Ditalimfos is mainly used in agriculture to control fungal diseases of crops. Ditalimfos can be used for fungal resistance studies and risk assessment of residues in the environment.
    Dihydrocaffeic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0105R
    Rhein (Standard)
    Rhein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.
    Rhein (Standard)
  • HY-N0768R
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside (Standard)
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside (Standard)
  • HY-N2124R
    Parishin B (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Parishin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Parishin B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Parishin B is a parishin metabolite that can be isolated from Gastrodia elata with antioxidant activity.
    Parishin B (Standard)
  • HY-100512
    Benzenepentacarboxylic Acid
    		98.39%
    Benzenepentacarboxylic acid is a fluorescent dye that detects and scavenge HO radicals.
    Benzenepentacarboxylic Acid
  • HY-B0464S
    Hydralazine-d4 (hydrochloride)
    		Inhibitor
    Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Hydralazine hydrochloride. Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGEE2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain.
    Hydralazine-d<sub>4</sub> (hydrochloride)
  • HY-122951
    Eburicoic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.61%
    Eburicoic acid protects the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. And Eburicoic acid has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects.
    Eburicoic acid
  • HY-N2693
    6,8-Diprenylorobol
    		Inducer 98.40%
    6,8-Diprenylorobol, a prenylated isoflavone, is a nature product that could be isolated from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata. 6,8-Diprenylorobol antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis through activation of p53 and generation of ROS.
    6,8-Diprenylorobol
  • HY-Y0836R
    Diethyl succinate (Standard)
    Diethyl succinate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diethyl succinate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) can be utilized at physiological pH, allowing it to penetrate biological membranes and integrate into the cells of tissue cultures, where it is metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Diethyl succinate modulates the polarization and activation of microglial cells by reducing mitochondrial fission and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exerting an inflammatory protective effect in primary microglial cells. Furthermore, Diethyl succinate is non-toxic and can be used in flavorings and seasonings.
    Diethyl succinate (Standard)
  • HY-B0688S
    Dapsone-d8
    		99.82%
    Dapsone-d8 is a deuterium labeled Dapsone. Dapsone is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with antibacterial, antigenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dapsone?exerts effective antileprosy activity?and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of?M. leprae. Dapsone can be used as an anticonvulsant and also in the research of skin and glioblastoma diseases.
    Dapsone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-N9447
    Norbergenin
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Norbergenin, the O-demethyl derivative of bergenin, shows moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 13 μM in DPPH radical scavenging; 32 μM in superoxide anion scavenging).
    Norbergenin
  • HY-W068420
    Antioxidant agent-4
    Antioxidant agent-4 (Compound 2) is an effective antioxidant molecule with antilipid peroxidative activity.
    Antioxidant agent-4
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity