2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. 상품명 효과 Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0332R
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard)
    		Activator
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ziyuglycoside II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin compound extracted from Sanguisorba officinalis L.. Ziyuglycoside II induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effect.
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard)
  • HY-124410S
    Mitoquinol-d15
    		Inhibitor
    Mitoquinol-d15 is deuterium labeled Mitoquinol (HY-124410). Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs.
    Mitoquinol-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-N9283
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran
    		Inhibitor
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran, isolated from the edible mushroom Sarcodon leucopus, has antioxidant effects in the DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 of 28 μM, inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) with the IC50 of 71 μM, and inhibits α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 6.22 μM.
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran
  • HY-178378
    G9a-IN-4
    		Inducer
    G9a-IN-4 is a G9a inhibitor with high selectivity (IC50 = 32 nM). G9a-IN-4 shows high selectivity against the other tested lysine/arginine methyltransferases. G9a-IN-4 exhibits high enzymatic activity against G9a and more potent antiproliferative effects against all tested cancer cells. G9a-IN-4 significantly suppresses the H3K9me2 level. G9a-IN-4 triggers autophagy by inducing the production of ROS, thus leading to cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in CT26 colon cells. G9a-IN-4 can be used for the study of colon cancer.
    G9a-IN-4
  • HY-149035
    PAA4
    		Activator
    PAA4 is a hypercoordinate carbon-centered tetranuclear gold (I) cluster prodrug. PAA4 releases active Au (I) ions upon triggering by GSH (HY-D0187), and this process is accelerated in the acidic microenvironment of bladder cancer cells with high GSH expression. PAA4 inhibits the activities of cytosolic TrxR1 and mitochondrial TrxR2, inducing ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA damage. PAA4 can be used in bladder cancer-related research.
    PAA4
  • HY-146762
    MAO-B-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-7 is a potent and blood-brain barrier permeable MAO-B and AChE inhibitor with IC50s of 41 nM, 87 nM and 0.3 μM for human AChE, electric eel AChE and MAO-B, respectively. MAO-B-IN-7 can effectively alleviate oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory damage.
    MAO-B-IN-7
  • HY-172964
    KIM-161
    		Inducer
    KIM-161 is a PIK3CA inhibitor. KIM-161 has significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.428 and 1.562 µM against PI3KCA mutant breast cancer MCF7 and T47D cells, respectively. KIM-161 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing ROS production. KIM-161 can be used to study breast cancer and its PI3KCA mutant subtypes.
    KIM-161
  • HY-181934
    ClpP activator-2
    		Activator
    ClpP activator-2 (Compound GU18) is a ClpP activator with a Kd of 5.01 μM for HsClpP. ClpP activator-2 enhances the proteolytic activity of HsClpP and promotes the degradation of α-casein by HsClpP, with an EC50 of 1.09 μM. ClpP activator-2 induces the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to damage to mitochondrial structure and function. ClpP activator-2 exhibits significant in vivo anti-multiple myeloma activity.
    ClpP activator-2
  • HY-W015026S
    Isobutylparaben-d4
    		Inducer 98.5%
    Isobutylparaben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Isobutylparaben. Isobutylparaben (Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) is the agonist for PXR, CAR and PPAR. Isobutylparaben has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and widely used in personal care products and cosmetics.
    Isobutylparaben-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-179049
    EGFR/tubulin-IN-1
    		Activator
    EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 (Compound 26) is a dual-target inhibitor of EGFR and tubulin. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 significantly reduces the levels of p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p-ERK in cells, disrupting the microtubule structure of the cells. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 significantly inhibits the proliferation of H1975 cells and significantly blocks the cells in the G2/M phase. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 induces the expression of autophagy markers LC3B-II and Beclin-1, while down-regulating the expression of p62. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 induces ferroptosis, with increased ROS content and depletion of glutathione (GSH). EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 has a significant tumor-suppressing effect in the H1975 transplanted tumor nude mouse model. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer.
    EGFR/tubulin-IN-1
  • HY-146194
    NHEJ inhibitor-1
    		Activator
    NHEJ inhibitor-1 (Compound C2) is a trifunctional Pt(II) complex, alleviates the non-homologous end connection (NHEJ)/homologous recombination (HR)-related double strand breaks (DSBs) repairs to evade Cisplatin-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NHEJ inhibitor-1 inhibits the damage repair proteins Ku70 and Rad51 to make tumors re-sensitive to Cisplatin. NHEJ inhibitor-1 also induces ROS generation and MMP deduction.
    NHEJ inhibitor-1
  • HY-P5317A
    MAQAAEYYR TFA
    		Inhibitor
    MAQAAEYYR TFA is an antioxidant active peptide that can be isolated from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin. MAQAAEYYR TFA has high DPPH, ABTS radical and ROS-scavenging ability. MAQAAEYYR TFA protects zebrafish larvae from H2O2-induced oxidative damage.
    MAQAAEYYR TFA
  • HY-157440
    AChE/Aβ-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/Aβ-IN-3 (compound AM5) is a dual inhibitor of AChE and Amyloid-β aggregation with IC50<.sub> values of 1.29 and 4.93 μM, respectively. AChE/Aβ-IN-3 has antioxidant properties that scavenge ROS and restore their normal levels. AChE/Aβ-IN-3 can be used in the study of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE/Aβ-IN-3
  • HY-175823
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox
    		Inhibitor
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox is a brain-penetrant Trolox (HY-101445)-vitamin K (HY-B2172) conjugate with neuroprotective activity. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox can inhibit oxytosis, ferroptosis, ATP depletion and ROS production. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox selective suppresses M1 markers expression. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox
  • HY-172212
    SDH-IN-23
    		Inducer
    SDH-IN-23 (Compound B21) is an SDH inhibitor. SDH-IN-23 exhibits excellent nematicidal activity. SDH-IN-23 can inhibit the feeding, reproduction, and embryonic development of nematodes. Meanwhile, SDH-IN-23 exerts a lethal effect on nematodes by triggering oxidative stress, causing intestinal damage, and inhibiting SDH, among other mechanisms.
    SDH-IN-23
  • HY-P0221A
    PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA
    		Inducer
    PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a PAC1 receptor agonist. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA binds to PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2 with IC50s of 4 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM, respectively. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA increases the α-secretase activity. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA elevates cytosolic Ca2+, increases proliferation and increases phosphorylation of extracellular regulates kinase (ERK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA can be used for neurotrophic and neuroprotective research.
    PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA
  • HY-N6037R
    Gardenin B (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Gardenin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gardenin B (HY-N6037). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B (Standard)
  • HY-158108
    anti-TNBC agent-6
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-6 (compound pt-3) is a potent anti-TNBC agent. anti-TNBC agent-6 shows cytotoxic activity. anti-TNBC agent-6 induces autophagy and ferroptosis. anti-TNBC agent-6 enhances intracellular ROS accumulatio. anti-TNBC agent-6 shows anti tumor activity and has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    anti-TNBC agent-6
  • HY-131660
    MAO-B-IN-54
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-54 is a selective, reversible and competitiv monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitor with a human IC50 of 0.052 μM and a Ki of 0.028 μM. MAO-B-IN-54 shows weak activity MAOA. MAO-B-IN-54 occupies both the entrance and substrate cavity of MAOB, forming hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. MAO-B-IN-54 inhibits Aβ aggregation and ROS production. MAO-B-IN-54 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    MAO-B-IN-54
  • HY-181017
    Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap
    		Activator
    Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap is a selective immunogenic cell death inducer. Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap exploits the synergistic interplay between an NQO1-bioactivated compound and a PARP inhibitor to selectively induce immunogenic cell death in tumor cells without harming normal cells. Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap induces ROS accumulation, increases DNA damage. Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap can be activated by GSH and release Ola, ultimately producing the synergistic antitumor effect with the Lap portion. Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap has anti-cancer activity against colon cancer.
    Ola-NC-SS-PEG-Lap
Cat. No. 상품명 / Synonyms Application Reactivity