Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.

Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.

Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.

Formononetin is a potent FGFR2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of ~4.31 μM. Formononetin potently inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth.

Gancaonin P (Compound 5) is a prenylated flavonoid found in the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH. et DC.

Licoagrochalcone A is a PTP1B inhibitor. Licoagrochalcone A exerts protective effects against liver cell injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and Acetaminophen (HY-66005). Licoagrochalcone A is applicable to the research of type 2 diabetes, obesity and liver injury.

Glycybenzofuran is a flavonoid. Glycybenzofuran can be isolated from G. uralensis. Glycybenzofuran is a potent, competitive, selective PTP1B inhibitor. Glycybenzofuran shows excellent inhibitory selectivity against PTP1B. Glycybenzofuran increases insulin-stimulated pAkt levels. Glycylbenzofuran can be used in the research of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.

Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC₅₀ of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC₅₀ of 24.7 μM.

Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.

Naringin is a major flavanone glycoside obtained from tomatoes, grapefruits, and many other citrus fruits. Naringin exhibits biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Naringin also inhibits proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1).

Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.

Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC₅₀ of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities.

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Licochalcone A (LCA), a chalconoid, presents obvious anti-cancer effects, displays broad-spectrum inhibition against UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Licochalcone A (LCA) exhibits strong inhibitory effects against UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A9, and 2B7 (both IC₅₀ and K_i values lower than 5 μM) .

Beta-Sitosterol (purity≥80%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc.

Liquiritigenin, a flavanone isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist with an EC₅₀ of 36.5 nM for activation of the ERE tk-Luc.

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate is a HMGB1 inhibitor, inhibits atopic dermatitis-related gene expression with anti-anti-inflammatory activity.

Ononin is an orally active isoflavone. Ononin inhibits the ERK/JNK/p38 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Ononin regulates Apoptosis. Ononin has anti-tumor effects on laryngeal cancer and lung cancer. Ononin has neuroprotective effects. Ononin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress and diabetic nephropathy.