Cat. No.: HY-N0184

Glycyrrhizic acid

(Synonyms: Glycyrrhizin)

59 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 59 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.84%
CAS No.: 1405-86-3
Formula: C₄₂H₆₂O₁₆
Molecular Weight:822.93

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Glycyrrhizic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 1405-86-3

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (59)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Glycyrrhizic acid is a triterpenoid saponinl, acting as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic activities.

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	80.3 μM Compound: GL	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 37542990]
ECV-304	IC₅₀	>119 μM Compound: Glycyrrhizinic acid	Cytotoxicity against human ECV304 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human ECV304 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24084294]
ECV-304	IC₅₀	>238 μM Compound: Glycyrrhizinic acid	Membrane toxicity against human ECV304 cells after 2 hrs by LDH release assay Membrane toxicity against human ECV304 cells after 2 hrs by LDH release assay	[PMID: 24084294]
H9c2	IC₅₀	102.4 μM Compound: GL	Cytotoxicity against rat H9c2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against rat H9c2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 37542990]
HEK293	IC₅₀	1 nM Compound: glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of human microsomal 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of human microsomal 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 19564108]
HEK293	IC₅₀	10 nM Compound: glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of human microsomal 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of human microsomal 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 19564108]
HEK293	IC₅₀	8 nM Compound: glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of mouse microsomal 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of mouse microsomal 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 19564108]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.015 μM Compound: glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of mouse liver microsome 11betaHSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of mouse liver microsome 11betaHSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 19574056]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.7 nM Compound: glycyrrhizinic acid	Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD2 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD2 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 22148241]
HEK293	IC₅₀	18.6 nM Compound: glycyrrhizinic acid	Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD1 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD1 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 22148241]
HEK293	IC₅₀	29.5 nM Compound: glycyrrhizinic acid	Inhibition of mouse 11beta-HSD1 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of mouse 11beta-HSD1 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone to [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 22148241]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.4 nM Compound: glycyrrhizinic acid	Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 22360639]
HEK293	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: glycyrrhizinic acid	Inhibition of mouse 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of mouse 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 22360639]
HEK293	IC₅₀	6 nM Compound: glycyrrhizinic acid	Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as conversion of [3H]cortisone into [3H]cortisol by scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 22360639]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1 nM Compound: Glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]cortisol production after 60 mins by SPA Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]cortisol production after 60 mins by SPA	[PMID: 22440625]
HEK293	EC₅₀	10 nM Compound: Glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]cortisol production after 60 mins by SPA Inhibition of human 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]cortisol production after 60 mins by SPA	[PMID: 22440625]
HEK293	EC₅₀	8 nM Compound: Glycyrrhizic acid	Inhibition of mouse 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]cortisol production after 60 mins by SPA Inhibition of mouse 11beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as [3H]cortisol production after 60 mins by SPA	[PMID: 22440625]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: glycyrrizhin	Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 11277757]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	82.4 μM Compound: glycyrrhizin	Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death dosed administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death dosed administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs	[PMID: 11325227]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: 202	Hepatoprotective activity against D-GaIN/TNFalpha-induced cell death in mouse hepatocyte at 100 uM relative to control Hepatoprotective activity against D-GaIN/TNFalpha-induced cell death in mouse hepatocyte at 100 uM relative to control	[PMID: 29353722]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	9.3 μM Compound: 202	Hepatotoxicity in D-GaIN induced in Wistar rat model hepatocyte assessed as reduction in PLA2 level Hepatotoxicity in D-GaIN induced in Wistar rat model hepatocyte assessed as reduction in PLA2 level	[PMID: 29353722]
HK-2	IC₅₀	160.3 μM Compound: GL	Cytotoxicity against human HK-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HK-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 37542990]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	65.7 μM Compound: GL	Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 37542990]
MDCK	IC₅₀	39.6 μM Compound: 112	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/WSN/33(H1N1) infected in dog MDCK cells preincubated with virus for 15 mins followed by cells addition measured at 36 hrs post infection Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/WSN/33(H1N1) infected in dog MDCK cells preincubated with virus for 15 mins followed by cells addition measured at 36 hrs post infection	[PMID: 26841168]
Raji	IC₅₀	572 molar ratio Compound: glyzyrrhizin	Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells	[PMID: 16441065]
Raji	IC₅₀	381 μM Compound: 8	Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells after 48hrs by indirect immunofluorescence technique Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells after 48hrs by indirect immunofluorescence technique	[PMID: 19131254]
RAW264.7	ED₅₀	70 μM Compound: 1, GL	Inhibition of HMGB1 in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as LPS-induced TNFalpha release treated for 2 hrs prior to LPS-challenge measured after 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of HMGB1 in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as LPS-induced TNFalpha release treated for 2 hrs prior to LPS-challenge measured after 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 23199028]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	20.7 μM Compound: GL	Inhibition of NO release in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Inhibition of NO release in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 37542990]
Vero	CC₅₀	24000 μM Compound: 51; GL	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells	[PMID: 32845145]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 1; GL	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in survival rate measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in survival rate measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31519375]
Vero C1008	IC₅₀	8.1 μM Compound: 1; GL	Antiviral activity against DENV2 16681 infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibitory rate of NS4B positive cells measured after 96 hrs incubation by DAPI staining based immunofluorescence method Antiviral activity against DENV2 16681 infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibitory rate of NS4B positive cells measured after 96 hrs incubation by DAPI staining based immunofluorescence method	[PMID: 31519375]
WI-38	IC₅₀	127.7 μM Compound: GL	Cytotoxicity against human WI-38 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human WI-38 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 37542990]

In Vitro

Glycyrrhizic acid shows a series of anti-cancer-related pharmacological activities, such as broad-spectrum anti-cancer ability, resistance to the tissue toxicity caused by chemotherapy and radiation, drug absorption enhancing effects and anti-multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms, as a carrier material in drug delivery systems^[1].
In intestinal NCI-H716 cells that secretes GLP-1, Glycyrrhizic acid promotes GLP-1 secretion with a marked elevation of calcium levels. Glycyrrhizic acid can enhance GLP-1 secretion through TGR5 activation^[2].
Glycyrrhizic acid can form a stable transparent low-molecular-weight hydrogels (LMWHs) at 37°C in physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with nanoclusters as the microstructures^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

In type 1-like diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ-treated rats), Glycyrrhizic acid increases the level of plasma GLP-1, which is blocked by triamterene at a dose sufficient to inhibit Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5)^[1].
Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhizic acid; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreases the levels of TgAb, HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 1405-86-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 822.93
Formula C₄₂H₆₂O₁₆
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@]12[C@@](C(C=C3[C@]2(CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@](C(O)=O)(C)CC4)C)=O)([H])[C@@]5([C@@](C(C)([C@@H](O[C@]6([H])[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O6)O)O[C@]7([H])O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)C(O)=O)CC5)C)([H])CC1)C
Synonyms

Glycyrrhizin
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Triterpenes
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (59)

All In Vivo Efficacy StudyWBHistological Imaging/StainingRT-PCR

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Journal Impact Factor

Nat Nanotechnol

Tumour-derived microparticles obtained through microwave irradiation induce immunogenic cell death in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 May 19. PMID: 40389640
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Generation of Anti-Mastitis Gene-Edited Dairy Goats with Enhancing Lysozyme Expression by Inflammatory Regulatory Sequence using ISDra2-TnpB System. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 5:e2404408. PMID: 39099401
Chem Eng J

2025 May 1.

Glycyrrhizic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Eng J. 2025 May 1.

The protein expression of P21, P16, Tom20, HMGB1, cGAS, and STING were assessed via western blotting with β-tubulin as a loading control. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). The results showed that Glycyrrhizic acid (10 μM; 24 h) significantly enhanced the anti-senescent effect of exosomes and inhibited the HMGB1/cGAS-STING axis.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

GPR65 sensing tumor-derived lactate induces HMGB1 release from TAM via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway to promote glioma progression. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 4;43(1):105. PMID: 38576043

Glycyrrhizic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Apr 4;43(1):105. [Abstract]

Glycyrrhizin (1 nM/kg; i.c.v.; administered every 3 days starting from day 14 after modeling). A, In a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, the tumor volumes were measured and monitored every 7 days from each group of mice. (n = 4/group). B, The pictures of corresponding subcutaneous xenograft tumors dissected from each group mice at 42 days post-injection. C Tumor weights from each group at 42 days post-injection.
Mater Today Bio

Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded biomimetic hybrid liposomes targeting inflammatory cascades and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to reverse neuroinflammation-driven cognitive decline. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 8:36:102657. PMID: 41476753
Mater Today Bio

Membrane biomimetic nanoenzyme-incorporated hybrid glycyrrhizic acid hydrogel for precise mitochondrial ROS scavenging for osteoarthritis treatment. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 17:32:101778. PMID: 40290887
Adv Healthc Mater

Fn-HMGB1 Adsorption Behavior Initiates Early Immune Recognition and Subsequent Osteoinduction of Biomaterials. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;13(2):e2301808. PMID: 37602504

Glycyrrhizic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Jan;13(2):e2301808. [Abstract]

Osteoinduction was hindered in Glycyrrhizic acid (GA, 10 mM; 30min) group.
Cell Commun Signal

Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by the hypoxic microenvironment in gastric cancer augment tumour growth. [Abstract]

2023 May 1;21(1):86. PMID: 37127629
Phytomedicine

Amoebicidal action of isoliquiritigenin and glabridin from Glycyrrhiza species: Mechanisms and effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii. [Abstract]

2025 Sep:145:157081. PMID: 40701128
Phytomedicine

Bioactive equivalent combinatorial components of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction inhibit the calmodulin-mediated MLCK/MLC axis to attenuate coronary artery spasm. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:142:156713. PMID: 40349422
Phytomedicine

Glycyrrhizin alleviates the toxicity of hydroxychloroquine in treating oral lichen planus by occupying heat shock protein 90 alpha. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:135:156059. PMID: 39550918

Glycyrrhizic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Dec:135:156059. [Abstract]

qRT-PCR analysis of HSP90AB1 and HSP90AA1 in NOK cells after stimulation with LPS and HCQ (10 µM) or Glycyrrhiz (GL, 100 μg/mL) in for 24 h.
Food Res Int

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch: A novel source of analgesic activity through NaV1.8 sodium channel modulation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;222(Pt 1):117620. PMID: 41267240
Redox Rep

Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via the NRF2/NQO1 axis after spinal cord injury. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;30(1):2585221. PMID: 41240391
Cell Death Discov

NMDARs activation regulates endothelial ferroptosis via the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 axis. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 17;10(1):34. PMID: 38233385
EMBO Rep

Aspergillus fumigatus promotes tumor angiogenesis via SLC7A11 on myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17. PMID: 41249582
Cell Prolif

Targeting Hsp90α to inhibit HMGB1-mediated renal inflammation and fibrosis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 20:e13774. PMID: 39566909
Cell Prolif

TNF-α/HMGB1 inflammation signalling pathway regulates pyroptosis during liver failure and acute kidney injury. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;53(6):e12829. PMID: 32419317

Glycyrrhizic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Prolif. 2020 Jun;53(6):e12829. [Abstract]

Protein levels of pro-caspase-1 + p10 + p12, GADMD, IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 are detected by Western blotting. Glycyrrhizin inhibits pyroptosis in TNF-α-induced M1 macrophages.
Drug Des Devel Ther

The Jieduan-Niwan Formula Reduces Inflammatory Responses in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Rats by Inhibiting HMGB1-Induced Hepatocyte Pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 2:19:2503-2517. PMID: 40190810
CNS Neurosci Ther

11,12-Diacetyl-Carnosol Ameliorates Depression-Like Behaviors and Memory Dysfunction in CUMS Mouse Model via Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Neuroinflammation. [Abstract]

2025 May;31(5):e70406. PMID: 40406924
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Bruceine D Identified as a Drug Candidate against Breast Cancer by a Novel Drug Selection Pipeline and Cell Viability Assay. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 31;15(2):179. PMID: 35215292
Pharm Biol

Sesamin attenuates intestinal injury in sepsis via the HMGB1/TLR4/IL-33 signalling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Dec;58(1):898-904. PMID: 32893702
Eur J Pharmacol

HBHP ameliorates CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated inflammatory response through binding to the HMGB1-A box. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 5:1004:177971. PMID: 40683441
Int Immunopharmacol

Glycyrrhizin alleviates brain injury in necrotizing enterocolitis model mice by suppressing HMGB1/TLR4 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 26:150:114294. PMID: 39970710
Int Immunopharmacol

Inhibiting HMGB1/AGER/NF-κB pathway prevents pro-inflammatory microglia polarization and protect photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 3:149:114192. PMID: 39904032
Neuropharmacology

Zinc induces neuronal autophagy via HMGB1 nuclear translocation in acute cerebral ischemia. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 15:279:110617. PMID: 40752584
Hepatol Commun

Aging aggravates liver fibrosis through downregulated hepatocyte SIRT1-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 22;8(1):e0350. PMID: 38126919
Rheumatology (Oxford)

Autophagy inhibitors block pathogenic NET release in immune-mediated inflammatory disease without impairing host defence. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 13:keaf437. PMID: 40802538
Mol Neurobiol

Glycyrrhizin Attenuates White Matter Injury by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 May;62(5):6070-6087. PMID: 39707121
Front Cell Dev Biol

Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 3 Deficiency Attenuated Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis via Reactive Oxygen Species/High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Axis. [Abstract]

2020 Aug 11;8:713. PMID: 32850832
J Cell Mol Med

Jinbei Decoction Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppression of TRAF6-Dependent Inflammatory Response in Macrophage. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;29(21):e70944. PMID: 41230791
Mediators Inflamm

HMGB1 Exacerbates Intestinal Barrier Damage by Inducing Ferroptosis Through the TLR4/NF-κB/GPX4 Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 11:2025:2395557. PMID: 40689397
J Inflamm Res

HMGB1 Inhibition Alleviates Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis by Suppressing M1 Polarization of Macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 May 25:18:6735-6748. PMID: 40453963
J Funct Foods

2021, 104584.
Sci Rep

Xiaoyao San against depression via glia-mediated neuroinflammation using network pharmacology and experimental validation. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 12;15(1):39708. PMID: 41225027
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Grass carp Il-2 promotes neutrophil extracellular traps formation via inducing ROS production and autophagy in vitro. [Abstract]

2024 Jan:144:109261. PMID: 38040137
ACS Chem Neurosci

Alarmin HMGB1 Plays a Detrimental Role in Hippocampal Dysfunction Caused by Hypoxia-Ischemia Insult in Neonatal Mice: Evidence from the Application of the HMGB1 Inhibitor Glycyrrhizin. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 18;11(6):979-993. PMID: 32073822
Aging (Albany NY)

HMGB1 and Caveolin-1 related to RPE cell senescence in age-related macular degeneration. [Abstract]

2019 Jul 7;11(13):4323-4337. PMID: 31284269
Cell Signal

Glycyrrhizic acid alleviated MI/R-induced injuries by inhibiting Hippo/YAP signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2024 Mar:115:111036. PMID: 38185229
Eur J Med Res

HMGB1 regulates autophagy via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in myocardial injury induced by coronary microembolization. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 9;30(1):943. PMID: 41068984
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

High Mobility Group Protein B1 Mediates the Role of the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Progression of Acute Myocardial Infarction. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 24. PMID: 41579229
3 Biotech

Lycorine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2020 Aug;10(8):369. PMID: 32818131
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607
Toxicol In Vitro

The protective mechanisms of glycyrrhizic acid for deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity in rabbit corneal stroma. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:108:106104. PMID: 40617304
BMC Immunol

Glycyrrhizin improves the pathogenesis of psoriasis partially through IL-17A and the SIRT1-STAT3 axis. [Abstract]

2021 May 27;22(1):34. PMID: 34044769
Adv Biol (Weinh)

HMGB1 Derived from the Pyroptotic Microenvironment Promotes Macrophage Extracellular Traps in Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 4:e00761. PMID: 40464207
Behav Brain Res

HMGB1/RAGE signaling mediates the activation of microglia and participates in depressive-like behaviors and cognitive deficits in rats after ischemia-reperfusion. [Abstract]

2025 May 24:115662. PMID: 40419119
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Uric acid inhibits HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling to alleviate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury of microglia. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 12:540:22-28. PMID: 33429196
World Neurosurg

Glycyrrhizic Acid Attenuates the Inflammatory Response After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Through the p38/Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:158:e856-e864. PMID: 34838764
Planta Med

Compound Cocktail Inhibits Influenza Viral Pneumonia via Phospholipase Cγ1 Phosphorylation-Related Necroptosis and Partial Autophagy in Natural Killer Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Jun;87(7):538-549. PMID: 33545719
Rev Bras Farmacogn

2023 Jun 28.
SSRN

2025 Nov 20.
Res Sq

2025 Oct 28.
SSRN

2025 Jul 8.
bioRxiv

2025 Feb 19.
SSRN

2025 Jan 15.
Research Square Preprint

2023 Apr 27.
Research Square Print

August 24th, 2022.
Research Square Preprint

2022 May.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

Glycyrrhizin Ameliorates Radiation Enteritis in Mice Accompanied by the Regulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway. [Abstract]

2020 May 31;2020:8653783. PMID: 32595744

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (121.52 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.2152 mL

6.0759 mL

12.1517 mL

5 mM

0.2430 mL

1.2152 mL

2.4303 mL

10 mM

0.1215 mL

0.6076 mL

1.2152 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.04 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.04 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.04 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Animal Administration^[3]

Mice^[3]
NOD.H-2^h4 mice are fed in the animal house until 4 weeks of age. A total of 24 male mice are then randomly separated into three different groups (n=8 per group). Mice in the control group are given sterile water without supplement. Mice in the iodine supplement (NaI) group are given 0.005% NaI in the drinking water. Mice in the NaI+Glycyrrhizic acid group are treated with 50 mg/kg Glycyrrhizic acid once daily for 4 weeks, administered via intraperitoneal injection after 8 weeks of iodine supplementation. Thyroid tissues are removed surgically under anesthesia, washed with cold saline, blotted on filter paper and weighed using an electronic balance. The thyroid gland tissues are then stored at -80°C until use^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (283 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Su X, et al. Glycyrrhizic acid: A promising carrier material for anticancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep 5;95:670-678 [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang LY, et al. Glycyrrhizic acid increases glucagon like peptide-1 secretion via TGR5 activation in type 1-like diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep 4;95:599-604. [Content Brief]

[3]. Li C, et al. Glycyrrhizin, a Direct HMGB1 Antagonist, Ameliorates Inflammatory Infiltration in a Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 Signaling. Thyroid. 2017 May;27(5):722-731. [Content Brief]

[4]. Xia Zhao, et al. A Simple Injectable Moldable Hydrogel Assembled from Natural Glycyrrhizic Acid with Inherent Antibacterial Activity. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 1, 648–653.

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.2152 mL	6.0759 mL	12.1517 mL	30.3793 mL
	5 mM	0.2430 mL	1.2152 mL	2.4303 mL	6.0759 mL
	10 mM	0.1215 mL	0.6076 mL	1.2152 mL	3.0379 mL
	15 mM	0.0810 mL	0.4051 mL	0.8101 mL	2.0253 mL
	20 mM	0.0608 mL	0.3038 mL	0.6076 mL	1.5190 mL
	25 mM	0.0486 mL	0.2430 mL	0.4861 mL	1.2152 mL
	30 mM	0.0405 mL	0.2025 mL	0.4051 mL	1.0126 mL
	40 mM	0.0304 mL	0.1519 mL	0.3038 mL	0.7595 mL
	50 mM	0.0243 mL	0.1215 mL	0.2430 mL	0.6076 mL
	60 mM	0.0203 mL	0.1013 mL	0.2025 mL	0.5063 mL
	80 mM	0.0152 mL	0.0759 mL	0.1519 mL	0.3797 mL
	100 mM	0.0122 mL	0.0608 mL	0.1215 mL	0.3038 mL

Keywords

Glycyrrhizic acid

59 Cited Publications

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Glycyrrhizic acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Glycyrrhizic acid

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (59)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Glycyrrhizic acid Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N0184